BlackRock, Inc. (BLK) Earnings Call Transcript & Summary

July 21, 2021

US conference_presentation 61 min

Earnings Call Speaker Segments

Lynn Bachstetter

attendee
#1

My name is Lynn Bachstetter. I'm the Global Head of Financial Institutions here at S&P Global Market Intelligence. I'll be your moderator today as we talk about the state of the insurance industry. We have a great discussion prepared for you today as my colleagues from S&P will compare and contrast premium growth drivers for the U.S. life annuity and P&C sectors, including the impact of ultra-low interest rates, and discuss the implications of the life annuity sector's ongoing transition to capital-light business models. We'll also talk about future results of M&A activity. And Donald from BlackRock will review the impact of low interest rates on profitability and how that is driving asset allocation decisions. We'll conclude with Nicole from BlackRock, who will discuss the challenges faced by recent net-zero commitments made by insurance companies and the many ways to implement sustainability with the balance sheet constraints and in the absence of formalized regulatory requirements in the U.S. Now before we begin our discussion, I do want to go through a few housekeeping items. We have our resource widget, which will be accessible to you. Within this widget are some white papers, 2 of which Tim will probably be referencing throughout his remarks. Also, the slides will be sent to you after we conclude the webcast. In addition to that, we will have a replay in case you want to revisit anything we said or want to share it with a colleague. We ask you to keep this an interactive session. So we have some prepared remarks. I obviously, have some questions that I will be asking the panelists, but we're going to try to devote the last 10 to 15 minutes to live Q&A from the audience. So if you can just use that right-hand window of the Resource -- of the widget that says Q&A and enter your question there. We'll try to get through as many as possible. In the event we can't go through all of them, we will send the questions to the panelists to reach out to you afterwards. If you have any technical issues, we have someone on site to help us, so please submit those concerns as well. And at the end of the session, we will be sending you a survey. We use these evaluation forms to help shape the future of the events. If there's different topics or things that you think we can improve upon, we would love to hear from you. So now let's introduce our panelists. Tim Zawacki is a senior research analyst within Market Intelligence. Tim has covered the insurance industry in various capacities since joining SNL Financial in 1999. Currently, he authors the annual U.S. P&C market report as well as the Life and Annuity Insurance, which was both released this month. It contains historical overview and projections of industry results for key lines of businesses. He also writes a regular weekly column and periodic research covering topics that include P&C, life industry financials, M&A activity and the impact on the insurance sector. So great panelist for us to have here today. Donald Lin is the Head of Americas Insurance Solutions within the Financial Markets Advisory Group of BlackRock. The Financial Markets Advisory Group is a global team that provides a wide range of advisory, capital markets, mandate design, portfolio construction, portfolio management skills and analytical capabilities to its clients. The insurance solutions team has specialist expertise and experience in designing portfolio solutions for insurance clients. And last but certainly not least is Nicole Marchand. She's a Director and is a member of BlackRock's Financial Institutions Group within the institutional client business. She's responsible for developing and maintaining relationships with insurance and other taxable clients. I just wanted to highlight a few disclaimers. So during the discussion, the members of the BlackRock team will review the results of their proprietary Peer Risk Study prepared for the insurance industry. BlackRock's peer analysis is built bottoms-up, and they modeled 275,000 unique CUSIPs, equaling over $6 trillion in cash and investment. This includes the investment portfolio of over 500 U.S. insurance companies, and BlackRock captures through risk proxies, private investments, including private credit, commercial mortgage loans and alternatives. For the purposes of this webcast, the BlackRock team has aggregated the analysis into industry segments. But more commonly, BlackRock shares the results with insurers at the company level, allowing for strategic discussions around asset allocation and how the decision each insurer makes translates into income generation, portfolio risk, capital consumption and potential stress scenarios. So with all of that being said, I would first like to turn it over to Tim and Don. They're going to go first through an outlook of the P&C sector. And then we'll shift gears to life. So Tim, I'm going to start with you first.

Timothy Zawacki

attendee
#2

Thanks a lot, Lynn, and thanks to everyone joining us on today's webinar. When we were first planning this event going back a couple of months, we were in a period where it was conceivable that we'd be speaking about the COVID-19 pandemic or at least the governmental responses to the pandemic in the past tense. But as we all know, the events of the past few days and weeks have shown that maybe our enthusiasm was premature. As we look at the U.S. P&C industry, there are signs that we've moved beyond the pandemic in some respects. But in others, it's clear that COVID-19 remains a driver of both corporate results and near-term strategies. Expectations for higher interest rates, as we'll discuss today at length, are increasingly distant in the rearview mirror. Financial inflation, whether it's transitory or you consider it to be otherwise, is impacting claims and underwriting expenses. Yet as we look ahead to the balance of the year, there is a constant looming over our outlook, and that's the frequency and severity of natural catastrophes. As always, they'll play a significant role in determining the P&C industry's fate from an underwriting perspective. Western wildfires have emerged as an omnipresent threat, and the related concerns are heightened this year by weather-related dynamics. Hurricane season in the Atlantic is underway, and the most active period is ahead of us. The return to normalcy from pandemic era trends also looms large in our forecast. We've seen a number of private auto carriers report increases in the frequency of claims from 2020's historical lows. And this is occurring at the same time inflation in automobile repair costs and, in particular, used car values are placing upward pressure on severity. The private auto business produced a historically favorable combined ratio of 92.5% in 2020, and that played a significant role in leading the industry to a 98.7% combined ratio across all lines during a year when many of the other lines of business in the commercial lines were unprofitable on an underwriting basis. How quickly that private auto result returns to more normal levels will greatly influence whether and the degree to which the P&C industry will produce an underwriting profit in 2021. Now the June results from Progressive, which came out last week -- Progressive is, of course, the #3 auto insurer in the U.S. and #1 commercial auto insurer -- suggests that normalcy has returned with a vengeance. The personal auto combined ratios that the company reported in its direct and agency channels sorts their highest level in recent memory during the month of June. After the second quarter, Progressive reported a 47% year-over-year increase in incurred claims frequency in its personal auto business. Now of course, that's coming off of very low levels. The other end of the spectrum, we've seen carriers submit rate filings in which they continue to adjust frequency trends downward from pre-pandemic levels given their expectation that hybrid work will become more prevalent and commutes will become more infrequent relative to what was normal in 2019 and before. Our annual P&C industry market report, which Lynn mentioned, is available to download to viewers of today's webinar, calls for a combined ratio of below 100% for a fourth consecutive year. We're assuming a gradual return to more normal results in private auto through the balance of 2021. We're also anticipating the stronger growth in premium volume for the industry in nearly 2 decades. We really expect the convergence in the coming years between the underwriting results in the private auto business from those unusually profitable and unsustainably profitable results in 2020. And then we also expect improvement in some of the commercial lines that have been struggling in recent years. The latter is more of a story about top line trends. Carriers have moved aggressively to adjust pricing into professional lines and other businesses hit hard by social inflation. The industry had been suffering from rising costs related to litigation on long tail lines and in some markets, such as the Florida property market, short tail lines. And that's long before the upward trend line in consumer inflation began to grab headlines. The industry will also benefit from easy comparisons in the private auto business on the top line. Many carriers accounted for their COVID-19 policyholder credits as a reduction in premium last year. Looking beyond 2021, we should presume the industry does not view inflationary trends, whether they're financial, social or otherwise, as transitory. And companies will continue to pursue aggressive responses in both pricing and underwriting for the rising costs they face. With interest rates so low, the industry has little choice but to continue to pursue and maximize underwriting profitability. With that, it's now my pleasure to introduce Don Lin from BlackRock to provide a deeper dive into P&C industry dynamics. Don?

Donald Lin

executive
#3

Thanks, Tim, and thanks, Lynn, and thanks, everyone, for joining us today, either live or on the recording. So perhaps we will start our analysis and kind of continue on the themes that Tim just kind of alluded to with more focus on the investment lens. On this stage, what we are trying to illustrate here is some of the things that Tim has been highlighting on this section. When we look at the profitability of the P&C insurance industry over the last 5 years and kind of look forward as well, given our market outlook and the embedded book yields within the P&C insurance industry, we do see a more challenging environment or potential for a more challenging environment for P&C insurers. Ultimately, when you look on the 5-year total return on -- return on average surplus on the left-hand side, which is our view on profitability, you can see that over the last 5 years, the industry has averaged around 9% ROAS. In aggregate, you can kind of see fairly consistent across commercial, personal and workers' comp. And one of the things in terms of the attribution of it, you can certainly see the operating component of this, which is the sliver in orange over there is a small component of it and where the driver or the primary driver of profitability has been really coming from investment results. In the middle section, you can kind of see, well, what are those drivers and investment results? And how have they come through, and perhaps looking through a lens feature in terms of how they can kind of portray out over the next 5 years? So over the past 5 years, investment returns have averaged 5%. And with investment leverage of around 2x, you can kind of see that's how insurers have been able to generate around 11 points of ROAS relative to the 5-year average. Now this is driven by a combination of strong embedded book yields. You can certainly see in the orange the strong NII component there reflected in the margin. But -- and you can certainly see also strong investment returns and strong total returns with the green and purple, representing both the unrealized and realized gain losses that insurers are taking within the investment portfolio. Looking forward, however, we see an environment where we could see much more muted returns. The combination of book yields converging to market yields and a view that we could see higher rates leading to unrealized losses are 2 views where on the investment return component, you can see much more muted returns relative to the past. With this, what is clear is that what has worked in the past will no longer work in the future. And we see this on the right-hand side. In aggregate, in 2010, the P&C industry, just the NII component of their returns, was able to contribute almost 10 points to ROAS. When you look at the P&C industry in 2020, that has dropped to 7 -- just under 7%, given declining yields. And if you were to take the current environment and where the market yield is today, that gets further decline to about 3% in contribution. So in aggregate, given the market yield environment, it's no longer possible to kind of have the same contribution that investments has as in prior years and prior regimes. And as we go through the deeper analysis of the investment portfolio for P&C insurers, we can -- over the next several pages, we're going to see that the many insurers are combating this environment by introducing more private assets, number one; expanding their cool into core plus fixed income sectors; and going down in quality. And we believe we can certainly continue to see this trend moving forward as well as growth in alternative assets to help buoy these returns. Now on this next page, we look at asset allocation. P&C insurers generally hold publicly traded fixed income as their core holdings in their investment portfolio. These are generally higher quality investment grade, predominantly investment grade with an average duration of 4 to 5 years. While we believe that public fixed income will remain a core holding in an insurer's balance sheet, we don't see it as a ballast for supporting book yields in today's environment, and insurers are increasingly looking into private fixed income and growth assets to support returns. And you can see a little bit of this in the middle chart, where there's been a very clear pattern over the past 5 years of insurers' preference for private assets, including private fixed income. This is represented in the Tan. Overall, we see this as a rotation for -- as a preference for more income-enhancing yield. In our view, many P&C insurers have adequate liquidity in their portfolios, and the shift into a more illiquid sector for income generation is certainly balancing their need for yield. And certainly, we also see P&C insurers lean into private credit and alternatives for income generation as demand for PE and infrastructure equity also are on the rise for those seeking return. Overall, within alternatives, private credit has seen the fastest growth from U.S. insurers across alternatives at over 280% since 2007. We've seen this focus in direct lending, looking at senior secured, predominantly first lien loans. We've seen interest in mainstream investments, looking -- as we look outside of their core fixed income portfolios for enhanced income build. For those seeking retires or perhaps seeking more book value per share growth, we continue to see strong demand for private equity, particularly growth equity investing and expanded opportunities in PE secondaries as well as infrastructure equity. Finally, another use of the alternatives bucket is towards ESG strategies. And Nicole will touch upon this in a bit. But in our view, ESG is here to stay as countries, companies and individuals consider their role in this low -- in a low carbon transition, which presents us a lot of discussions around renewable energy investments. And additionally, insurers are highly focused on changing patterns around social justice and making strides in investments towards these goals as well. Now over the next 2 pages, we're going to go a little bit deeper into the positioning and rotations within the public fixed income portfolio. While the trend has been rotations out of public fixed income in search of yield, we still expect public fixed income to remain a core allocation for P&C insurers and for insurers to continue to look for ways to optimize their allocation here. The challenge here is apparent on the right-hand side, if you look at the differential between book yields and market yields. Overall, current investment portfolios as of year-end '20 can support NII of approximately 3%. But as the existing portfolio runs off, the market yields that would be reinvested within public fixed income are more like 1.5%. So ultimately, the question becomes, where are insurers looking to allocate? And which brings us to the next page. We are seeing increasing interest on securitized and core-plus assets. These are areas we think P&C insurers can lean into for more yield. The overall book yield of the public fixed income portfolio is 3%. And we can see predominantly in emerging market debt and high-yield securities book yields in excess of 4%, which is a source of income. And we also see securitized as a ballast of high-quality asset classes generally, call it, AA and above, a yield of 2.6%. So they provide the barbell approach to kind of to present a combined solution where you can kind of exceed your traditional book yield of your current portfolio composition. And lastly, before I turn it back over to Lynn, we talk about our risk asset allocations across the P&C industry. Overall, P&C insurers have an aggregate allocations to public and private equity real estate and private fixed income. The trend is clear in the search for income as you look on the right-hand side in terms of more private fixed income, which has occurred over the past 5 years. In the future as we look forward in terms of our capital market expectations, we continue to see more of a push into private fixed income as P&C insurers get comfortable with taking more illiquid risk. We also see a potential for more growth in Schedule BA assets, again, in the asset classes that I alluded to earlier, direct lending, private equity for growth and infrastructure equity for growth as well.

Lynn Bachstetter

attendee
#4

Great. Thanks, Don. We were able to hear you, but I think your screen froze, so if you want to refresh while I ask the question to Tim and jump back on, that would be great. So Tim, I know that in your opening remarks you talked about inflation. So in your view, like, where do you see inflation impacting the P&C industry most significantly?

Timothy Zawacki

attendee
#5

Well, I mean the obvious headlines have been in the areas of lumber and other related building materials and used car prices where the trend line has just been to the moon, to use a recently relevant term. The homeowners' policy in many ways for companies with the limits on those policies provide protection to the insurer against inflation. There's also annual adjustments and replacement costs that allow companies to automatically embed the effects of inflation in their pricing for the coming year. So that's one of the reasons behind our expectation for rising premium growth in the homeowners' line is not necessarily because there's such a push for rate increases, but because individual policies, average premiums per policy is likely to rise as these higher materials and labor costs get absorbed. The used car prices is an area where if you have a total loss that it certainly would be an impact for the auto insurers, both personal and commercial. The shortage of chips and the delays in manufacturing has really created a supply-demand imbalance in the used car market. Now we would expect and most of the economists we listen to anticipate that these increases are in fact going to be transitory in these particular areas. But our expectation is that social inflation isn't going anywhere. And if it is going anywhere, companies are certainly going to be very conservative in assuming otherwise because they've just been hit so hard for several years on rising litigation costs. And to the extent it has been out of the headlines of late, I think with each passing week, there's news of settlement -- talc is the latest issue with Johnson & Johnson. These risks are not going away. Core dockets are not being pushed back to the extent they were a year ago, and companies are -- in professional lines and other long-tail commercial lines are going to be aggressive in pushing for rate to assume they have margin to address these persistent risks.

Lynn Bachstetter

attendee
#6

Excellent. Thanks, Tim. Okay. We are going to segue now into the life sector space. So I think we'll go same run of show, Tim, you want to start us off what you're seeing and then let Don follow up what he's seeing on the investment asset side.

Timothy Zawacki

attendee
#7

So as Lynn mentioned earlier, we also just this week issued our life and annuity market report, and one thing to note when we're talking about that report in our outlook for the overall industry is it does include the accident health business that's written by life insurers. And this is a pretty decent chunk of business, somewhere between 25% and 30% of overall life industry premiums. And some of that is in traditional employee benefits business like disability income and supplemental health, but it's also in areas like major medical and Medicare that people don't necessarily associate with life, annuity and health business traditionally. So this does impact our overall forecast. The overall growth rate we're projecting for this year in these lines is 2.6%. Not an especially exciting number when you look at it on the surface, but it's more than double the 1% growth that the industry achieved on a direct basis last year. And there really are a divergence of outcomes across product lines that we anticipate. And a lot of that has to do with not just current macroeconomic dynamics around things like interest rates, investment portfolios and such, but also around the comparisons to 2020 that really were unusual in several respects. The persistence of low interest rates means that our near-term outlook for the industry may not be necessarily as optimistic as it might have been going back 3, 4 months, but our enthusiasm about consumer demand for the sector's products really is unmoved at this point. So as we look at our overall projection here for '21 and for '22, an acceleration in growth we project for 2022 for a variety of reasons. It's important to call out that this does not necessarily provide an indication of our near-term enthusiasm for trends in the individual life and annuity businesses. As many people may be aware, the direct premium growth rate in the ordinary life business in the first quarter were quite spectacular, a 14-year high for first quarter's growth rate in that business. And the LIMRA surveys that have come out for trends in April and May have suggested that the momentum has only continued into those months. It's only a couple of days away from when we'll be hearing more about trends from individual companies in their second quarter earnings reports, but it seems like the trend line there is upward. Strong consumer demand for life insurance in the pandemic era, a time when personal balance sheets have been strengthened by government stimulus payments. Our bank research analyst, Nathan Stovall, has put out a number of reports talking about how deposits are at record high levels at U.S. banks, for example. It's really an ideal environment for selling a life insurance products. And that's in stark contrast to last year when there were a number of factors weighing against sales of the product, being able to conduct paramedical exams to underwrite a life insurance policy was challenging at times. It remains to be seen how much of the first quarter's momentum that the industry will retain through the second half of the year. Our outlook is spread at about a 5% growth rate. Again, that number doesn't really jump off the page. But if you look at history, it should. There's only been 2 times in the last 20 years in which ordinary life direct premiums have increased at levels approaching 5%, and they have not yet hit 5% going back through 2002. The most recent near miss was in 2019 when there was a change in mortality table spending that caused a pull-forward effect on sales. In the ordinary individual annuity business, we're projecting the industry will bounce back from last year's 5% decline with growth of nearly 7% on a direct basis. We expect that the industry's business volumes will increase by double-digit percentage for a third consecutive quarter in the second quarter when those results become available. The comparison to the second quarter of last year is quite easy. There are a number of companies that pulled products temporarily from the market or we're not actively underwriting during that time. So production was quite low in the second quarter of last year. Interest rates, of course, remain a big headwind for this industry, and the comparisons do get tougher as the year proceeds. The group annuity business, I should call this out as well. It's had a significant impact on both historical results and our forecast. The pension risk transfer business is a big driver of growth rates there. Trends in the first quarter were especially slow. There had been a lot of enthusiasm around the industry for a great acceleration in activity, but the stars may not be aligned there because of what we've seen from an interest rate standpoint. And in last year's results, the first quarter had a really unusual amount of group annuity premium produced, which makes for a really difficult comparison. In fact, that growth in the first quarter of last year in the group annuity business made the difference between a decline and what was an increase in overall life and health industry premiums last year. So against this backdrop, we found the industry really focused on life and annuity in a significant transition. Some have gone so far as to call it transformation. Companies have accelerated reviews of alternatives for their in-force blocks of business at a time growing array of solutions providers have emerged and they demonstrated significant enthusiasm for taking on a lot of that risk. Principal and Prudential Financial have announced the pursuit of more capital-efficient business models focusing on products less sensitive to interest rates. Others have entered arrangements to share risk through flow reinsurance on new business. New reinsurers and other vehicles have voiced their interest in a growing array of liabilities beyond the traditional Triple X, term life and fixed deferred and indexed annuity business that have historically characterized their appetite. The report that we put out yesterday lists almost 20 of these providers that have either shown a record of engaged units in these transactions at a large scale or expressed an interest in doing so. And undoubtedly, there are others scouting out the market for potential opportunities. We have focused much in the report on net business trends in the industry, and these reinsurance transactions are a big reason why, particularly in the ordinary individual annuity space. We've seen a real divergence between direct and net premium trends. When business goes through a reinsurance transaction from a domestic entity to an offshore entity, that business no longer is within the scope of our NAIC statutory data. So last year, for example, premiums were down by 8% across the industry on a net basis even as we had that 1% increase in direct business. And the large increase there in ordinary individual annuity seeded premiums that you see on the graph there was a big reason why. There was, of course, the landmark deal last June between Athene and Jackson National Life where fixed annuity business was ceded from a U.S.-domiciled entity to a Bermuda affiliate of Athene. In other cases, today, we have the announcement of a large transaction where Great-West, the Empower Retirement business there, is acquiring the full service retirement business of prudential and there is going to be a reinsurance component of that deal. If history holds, that business, at least a portion of it, will remain within U.S. entities so creating volatility among the individual filers but not on the industry basis as a whole. And so while statutory based balance sheets and income statements show significant effects from the entry, exit and recapture of reinsurance agreements, there are ways on statutory filings to get a view as to what the industry's results would look like gross of those transactions. And here, this graph shows a steady increase over time in the share of liabilities subject to reinsurance arrangements. Net liabilities at the industry level exceeded $7.5 trillion at the end of 2020. Adjustments due to reinsurance exceeded 11% of that amount or about $950 billion last year. That is a new high, as you can see. I think we'll see that number continue to rise, especially as the supply and demand dynamics favor more of these transactions near term. With that, I'd like to once again bring Don back. Don?

Donald Lin

executive
#8

Thanks, Tim. And I hope you guys can see me now. So on the investment side for the life and annuity industry, I think the main challenge is the low rate environment we continue to be in. Each insurer is competing to support their current policyholders by finding attractive reinvestment yields for their in-force block of business and also competing to grow their business through by offering a competitive crediting rate on new products. In a world where rates are near historical lows and an ability to source attractive yields via public markets is rather challenging, so on this page, we illustrate some of these dynamics. We've seen the income on the investment portfolio drop by over 120 basis points since 2004. You can see this on the left-hand side. And as a result, net spread earned, which is a profitability metric we use using the statutory data, we see that estimate of the insurance liability yield, which is the investment -- net investment income minus the, call it, estimated liability yield has declined by over 40%. As you kind of fast forward a little bit, the future investment landscape is equally challenging, given we still remain in a world of low interest rates. Ultimately, the analogy I would give, it's like gravity in the sense that that orange line on the left-hand side, which represents NII yields will continue to converge towards where achievable market yields are today, which is lower. Overall, the life liability yield will have challenges in kind of continuing to converge down unless a lot of life insurers will come up against some minimum crediting rates on old products or legacy lots of businesses that have been sold. The right-hand side actually illustrates the valuation of life insurers going back to 2001 using price to book as a metric. And overall, as of year-end 2020, valuations are still below pre-global financial crisis levels, but they have recovered significantly since March of 2020. Overall, I mean when you think about what happened in 2020 in terms of valuations, we had a low of 10-year treasuries at 75 basis points, with the potential to actually go negative. And the question around there and where you see the valuation coming into play is that the question was could the insurers survive? Their business model was being, call it, reevaluated at a time of such low interest rates. Now we've certainly seen a bounce back up in rates since then. And you can kind of see the valuations improve, but still, I think the question becomes now is how are -- it's not a matter of survival for insurers. It's more of a matter of basically how their asset strategy can be differentiated in a world which then basically that can enhance yield, but balance it with the overall risk and overall ALM considerations that insurers need to be mindful of. And on this page, I think this -- a picture generally can tell a thousand words. What we show here is the dotted line, the light dotted blue line is effectively where the life industry book yields are today. The challenge within the public markets today is that when you look across the curve, look across sectors, even look across credit qualities, it's extremely hard to put together a strategy or a public fixed income strategy that will stem the NII erosion that is occurring in every insurer's investment portfolio, right? And so we certainly see -- and you can kind of see this in some of the comments that Tim said, we certainly see a trend towards some of the more newer entrants, maybe the private equity stacked entrants, which have a differentiated strategy, generally away from public fixed income to kind of generate some enhanced yield potential relative to, I would say, legacy blocks of businesses but also being very competitive in new business as well. Now similar to the P&C industry, this is actually now -- what we do look -- we take a look backwards to kind of -- to see what could come as you kind of look forward in terms of our market views. On the left-hand side, we've taken the NII generation potential of the life industry and cohorted it to 2 ways. One, by what are the sources of NII yield by industry? But then we also cohorted it within the industry group, so the life industry between top life, mutuals and PE-backed sponsors. From this, you can see that they're starting to see a differentiation between your traditional life insurers and your PE-backed sponsors. In aggregate, you can see at the industry level, as of last year, as of 2020, the life insurance industry was able to generate a 4% NII yield, and the PE-backed sponsors were able to generate 40 basis points of enhanced yield above that. Overall, when you kind of look at what is driving it, you can see on the right-hand side, the asset allocations. PE-backed sponsors have leaned into having the illiquidity trend. And we certainly see an increase in private assets from that side supported by some of their investment strategies in some of their, call it, portfolio construction techniques where they've been more comfortable in increasing that illiquid allocation, perhaps, relative to some of the more traditional life insurers. And moving forward, I think this is going to -- if we kind of double-click within the public fixed income allocation, you're going to basically see...

Lynn Bachstetter

attendee
#9

Sorry, we're noticing that Don is frozen again. So I think he's just is going to refresh this browser. We'll keep him going. We could hear on audio, it's just that his face is frozen. Let's just give him a second to come back.

Donald Lin

executive
#10

Sorry. I was just refreshing my screen. Are you able to see me now?

Lynn Bachstetter

attendee
#11

Yes. It's freezing for some reason. But we could hear you audio-wise, so we'll just keep going until there's any other problem.

Donald Lin

executive
#12

Sure. So on this page, we kind of can see the differentiated strategies, again, across the life industry and I would say the PE-backed sponsors. In aggregate, you can certainly see a much more comfort level and securitized assets represented in purple on the left-hand side. So almost a doubling of securitized assets. This will be generally higher quality investment-grade securities across CLOs, RMBS and CMBS, which are basically being able to enhance the yield potential of the PE-backed players. In aggregate, I think the other trend you see that is consistent across the industry is going down in credit quality. So a clear trend in going out of NAIC 1 assets over the past 5 years into NAIC 2 assets in that search for yield. On the PE-backed side, in aggregate, you can kind of see that the overall allocations are quite similar. But perhaps what's underneath the hood is that it's a barbell strategy in terms of going higher quality and securitized with some, call it, BBB-ish securitized with barbelling with more BBB emerging market debt and other core plus sectors, which we'll see on the following page as well. And again, I think another way to kind of slice and cut the differentiated strategy is that the PE-backed sponsors are seen here, which certainly can explain some of the reinsurance trends Tim was alluding to earlier is that heavy allocation to securitized. Again, a core allocation in AAA, but generally speaking, more comfort level in going a little bit down in credit quality, although still staying primarily investment grade. And you can see within EMD as well as high yield as well. Ultimately, I think the main differentiation here is that securitized allocation is providing a ballast for those PE-backed sponsors to basically generate a little bit more yield. And the last -- the one other, perhaps, slide that I'll touch on here is the yield comparison between private debt strategies and public debt -- public fixed income yields. And you can see this number on the right-hand side. In aggregate, when you look across the life industry, and this is prevalent across life industries PE-backed, top life and mutuals, you can certainly see that the public fixed income income yield generally around 4%. And you can certainly see about a 70 basis point premium in the book yields reported as you go into more private market strategies. This is a combination of traditional private placements. This is going to include commercial mortgage loans, and it will include the net investment income component of, call it, your Schedule BA or alternative assets as well. So overall, we can certainly see the yield enhancement potential of these private market strategies. And for the private equity backed sponsors, you can certainly see a bigger trend over the past 5 years into those asset classes. Now it would be -- of us to kind of talk about future asset allocation strategies without talking about some of the recent regulatory capital -- RBC capital changes that are coming down the pipe for year-end 2021. I would say on the NAIC landscape, we see 2 big changes that will be primarily be impactful on the life insurance industry, although there will be implications across P&C and health as well. The bond factor changes. So this is something that has been widely discussed, widely debated for probably longer than most of us care to think, certainly, and has been in proposal form, at least since 2016 and before that. But NAIC recently adopted bond factor changes across the 20 more granular cohorts. This is, of course, across the life, P&C and health industry. But given the, I would say, the stronger investment risks within the RBC formula, it's going to be most impactful on the life insurance industry. Overall, this is going to cause a decline in RBC ratios. We expect required capital to go up by about 15%, which would also have a reduction or a subsequent reduction within the RBC ratio. So that's change number one. Change number two, which will offset this is basically the NAIC also recently adopted changes to real estate equity. Overall, Schedule A real estate and then Schedule B real estate are going to see a fairly significant reduction from 11% -- from 15% to 11% on the Schedule A real estate and actually from 23% all the way down to 13% on Schedule BA real estate. Now in aggregate, when you take the bond factor changes, which are going to be a little bit more punitive to RBC ratios; and when you take the recent real estate changes, which are going to be a little bit more beneficial to the regulatory capital ratios, in aggregate, at the industry level, we see it's going to be more or less offset. So we don't necessarily see any changes in capitalization levels from an RBC ratio materially, although certain companies will have different impacts of this given their allocations to those bonds and real estate factors. But in aggregate, we kind of see a stable RBC ratio. Where -- and while we don't necessarily see any dramatic repositioning within the investment portfolios due to these changes, we do think there are some certain relative value changes or relative value considerations that life insurers will need to think about. In aggregate, when we look about the capital efficiency of the bond factors, from a pure capital efficiency perspective, you can see that we believe that the higher quality asset classes, AAA and AA, have become a little bit more capital efficient, i.e., they have a little bit more yield per unit of RBC capital. That being said, I think some life insurers will also find attracted on the high-yield capital charges wherein aggregate, while investment-grade charges were going up, and being a net negative impact to the industry, we certainly see high-yield charges in aggregate actually being a slight benefit. Now high yield is still not as efficient, but on a relative basis between these 2 factors, they have become a little bit more efficient in this environment, which is interesting to know given the challenges we're seeing in kind of generating yields in a capital-efficient way. In real estate, I think that's certainly something that we're monitoring closely and having conversation with insurers about in a low return, low rate environment, capital efficiency is critical in the analysis of, basically, the portfolio strategy. And all else equal, real estate has become a little bit more attractive in our lens. In aggregate, I think this -- not -- this only, I think, basically reinforces the trend into a bigger shift into private credit assets and more assets, illiquid assets in aggregate, given some of the changes that we're seeing across the regulatory capital charges. With that, let me turn it back over to you, Lynn.

Lynn Bachstetter

attendee
#13

Yes. Thanks, Tim, and thanks, Don. As we went through the life sector, there's been questions coming through, but I want to obviously make sure that we're not rushing through this very untopical section of the panel that we're going to go through. So obviously, we're going to go through ESG and sustainability, which we all know is a very untopical issue of concern. So with that being said, Nicole, I'm going to turn it over to you, and then we'll get to the questions at the end.

Nicole Marchand Ross

executive
#14

Great. Thanks, Lynn. And to echo Tim and Don, thank you all for joining today. So switching gears to sustainability. BlackRock has made some big commitments to sustainability over the course of the last 2 years. And similarly, we've observed insurers making public commitments and integrating these risks into portfolio strategy. At times, this can be driven by regulators and industry bodies, and we've highlighted some of those initiatives that are really taking shape within the U.S. on this slide. In 2020, the New York Department of Financial Services issued an industry letter outlining its expectations relating to addressing financial risk from climate change; and then more recently, in March of 2021, shared their supervisory expectations, whereby insurers should take a more strategic, principles-based approach to managing climate risk. So including considerations for climate risk into their governance structure, financial risk management, scenario analysis and disclosure, considering things like TCFD reporting. The NAIC has formed the Climate Risk and Resiliency Executive Task Force in 2021, which at the beginning of the year. This group was meeting fairly frequently on a weekly basis. And this group is focused on 5 work streams: pre-disaster mitigation, solvency, climate risk disclosure, innovation and technology. And then perhaps lastly to note on the regulatory front, the California Organized Investment Network, known as COIN, and the California Department of Insurance encourage insurers to invest in underserved communities and climate-related projects focused within the State of California. And notably, COIN is working to amend their state statutes to allow for increased Schedule BA leeway if investing in these COIN-approved strategies, which is our first observed interest of a U.S. state regulator changing its investment guidance to allow for ESG. Additionally, we included at the bottom of this slide, a few examples where we've seen increasing focus driven from -- within insurance companies, including commitments to reducing carbon emissions, investing in green and social investments. And then more recently, we're starting to see a few U.S. life insurers making net-zero commitments. So further to that point, the next slide highlights the positive investor momentum around investing in sustainable solutions. On the left-hand side, while not necessarily insurance specific, we show the annual growth of mutual fund and ETF assets in sustainable strategies over the past 5 years. On the right-hand side, leveraging BlackRock's institutional investor survey from 2020, we highlight expectations on the trends in sustainable investing. Noting globally, institutional investors are looking to double invested -- double assets invested in sustainability over the next 5 years. So similar to the slides that Don has shared earlier, we wanted to make use of this rich data set, which is the year-end 2020 statutory filings for the U.S. insurance industry, to apply a sustainability lens to portfolios. So here, we're looking at a stress scenario that looks at the implementation of Biden's $2 trillion proposed green plan and 2 possible outcomes, highlighting the potential for transition risk to portfolios as well as the opportunity amidst the backdrop of this global shift to net-zero. So the gridlock view represents a scenario when the Build Back Better plan is obstructed in the House and the Senate. The compromise view represents a scenario of bipartisan support, but it ultimately falls short of the initial proposal. In both scenarios, there are wide factor shocks and then the most affected assets. On the left-hand side, looking across the industry's corporate and equity holdings, we show the exposures for life and P&C to the most impacted industries, which are agriculture, automobiles, transit and buildings. Separately, we also carved out the large listed life companies from the life industry average and then the large listed P&C companies from the P&C industry average. If we think about the perceived market leaders within the ESG space, the larger listed firms seem to be making big public commitments and have affected changes within their portfolios. So for both life and P&C, the larger listed organizations have slightly less exposure to the impacted industries more so than the overall industry average. On the right-hand side, we show the mark-to-market price impact as a percentage of cash and investments. And in the gridlock scenario, life companies could actually see a positive impact to C&I because they hold longer-dated assets more susceptible to transition risk and often hold high coupon bond exposures such as utilities. But in the compromise scenario where some of Biden's plan gets pushed forward, there is potential for a negative impact. Conversely, in the gridlock scenario, P&C companies could potentially have a negative experience as the model anticipates a mild risk-off environment where U.S. equity sell off, particularly in automobiles, building products and semiconductors. Relative to the life industry, P&C companies have greater exposure to equity, as shown in the orange color on the bar chart on the left-hand side. So looking at another portfolio view. On this slide, we're taking a look at how place-based assets, and here we're using CMBS as an example, are susceptible to physical climate risk, which is the impact from rising temperatures driven by climate change as well as the resulting supply chain disruption from climate-related events and catastrophes. This analysis leverages our Aladdin Climate analytics to assess expected price and risk impacts to CMBS exposures under a high-emissions scenario. So the cash flow impacts are calculated over the remaining life of the bond and then discounted to the security price investments today. To give context to the high emission scenario that we're looking at here, it's a scenario whereby no corrective action is being taken to reduce the amount of emissions society produces over a given time horizon. So here, recent global emissions continue to grow with atmospheric concentrations of CO2 more than doubling from today's numbers by the year 2100. And then by the year 2200, CO2 concentrations are 5x today's levels. On the left-hand side, we look at the climate impact across the entire industry, inclusive of life, health and P&C. The industry, which is holding high-quality senior debt, would actually have a negative 1 basis percent change in yield to maturity and the average change in price for the total CMBS exposures would be negative 5 basis points, and the physical climate score would be 5.32. So one point to note, the weighted average life of the CMBS exposures for the industry is 4.9 years. So given that shorter-dated nature of these exposures, it also helps to explain the relatively minimal impact when looking at this data, there's less risk for rising temperatures or rising water levels over time. So to further give perspective to the physical climate score that we've highlighted on the right-hand side, we do show the distribution of the physical climate scores across all CMBS holdings for the industry with 1 being the worst and 10 being the best. So maybe just to close this out because I know we're coming up on time. The important theme, I think, to wrap on in this section is really in the absence of regulatory guidance on stress testing, reporting, solvency risk, et cetera, we really have observed insurers are taking a multitude of different approaches to integrate sustainability within their investment portfolios. And then looking at the investment side is only one piece. Often, there are enterprise considerations or decisions that can be actioned through foundations at the corporate or enterprise level or on the operating side. So today, many insurers employ basic exclusionary screens, such as tobacco, alcohol and the percent of revenue driven from coal production. But beyond screens, insurers can look to capitalize on long-term sustainability trends by investing in companies with a positive ESG profile or targeting specific environmental or social impact objectives. So to say it very plainly, there really is no one-size-fits-all approach to implementation within the balance sheet.

Lynn Bachstetter

attendee
#15

Thanks, Nicole. Yes, we're almost at time, but I just -- I want to try to get to a few questions that have come through. So maybe sticking with ESG, but where do you see ESG initiatives heading? You're talking about maybe today, but where do you see it heading in 5 to 10 years from now?

Nicole Marchand Ross

executive
#16

That is a great question. So maybe thinking 5, 10 years out, we see the focus of transitioning to a net-zero carbon economy really is leading the charge. But then quickly behind that, which I found this concept to be really interesting, as investors are making these commitments, it's thinking through a carbon budget so that that allocated carbon in the portfolio goes down over time through to 2050. So this is a similar exercise for what an insurer would do when they're thinking about their capital budget. However, it would be diminishing over time and has real P&L implications. Also, I think on the data front, it's a really crowded field in terms of data providers, and clients are looking to distill it into something more bespoke or idiosyncratic. So with increased regulatory reporting and transparency requirements, we should start to see an improvement in data and how insurers and investors are using this data over time. Maybe one last point. There is a continued focus on exploring scenario risk capabilities. So looking at both transition and physical risk, a net-zero -- the concept of net-zero pushes transition risk out. Effectively, it reduces it by virtue of capital reallocation or preferences for green technology and renewables, as Don had alluded to earlier. So physical risk, on the other hand, is acute. You can't stop the carbon that's already in the air. And so how that impacts climate change, it will always be there. But over time, it should diminish. So just thinking a few years out those are some of the things that come to mind.

Lynn Bachstetter

attendee
#17

Okay. Thanks. And Don, I don't know if you could do this in maybe 30 seconds, but what reasons would you consider are behind the growth adoption of ETFs in insurance company general accounts?

Donald Lin

executive
#18

Absolutely. And I think we're certainly seeing ETFs getting more broadly adopted across the entire ecosystem across the insurance industry. A couple of things that come to mind is, number one, a couple of years ago, the changes that occurred within the NAIC regulatory construct, which now would make -- certainly rate -- some certain rated ETF funds, like ETFs more capital friendly from an accounting and regulatory capital perspective, that's where we're seeing growth within the fixed income ETF side. And secondarily, one of the things that we've been seeing, too, is as insurers are pushing into private market assets, the need for liquidity is ever important. And we certainly see the ETFs, especially through the crisis that occurred in March of 2020, ETFs being a source of liquidity and a proven source of liquidity. So as insurers kind of go into more private market assets, ETFs can serve as a ballast on the liquidity front and have kind of proven themselves through cycles.

Lynn Bachstetter

attendee
#19

Okay. Great. Thank you. There were a few questions that we were not able to get to so our panelists will talk to you off-line. We thank you so much for your attention and participation in this webcast as we talked about the insurance sector. And we look forward to your feedback. Like I said, slides and a replay will be sent to you via e-mail. In the event that you need anything, please feel free to e-mail me directly. Again, we thank you for your time. Stay safe and enjoy the rest of your summer.

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