Celldex Therapeutics, Inc. (CLDX) Earnings Call Transcript & Summary
October 28, 2024
Earnings Call Speaker Segments
Operator
operatorGood day, and welcome to the Celldex ACAAI 12-week CIndU Conference Call and Webcast. [Operator Instructions] As a reminder, this call may be recorded. I would now like to turn the call over to Sarah Cavanaugh. Please go ahead.
Sarah Cavanaugh
executiveThank you. Good morning, and thank you all for joining us to discuss the 12-week results from our barzolvolimab program in chronic inducible urticaria that were presented this weekend in a late-breaking oral presentation at the American College of Allergy and Immunology (sic) [ American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology ] Annual Meeting in Boston. Joining me on the call today are Anthony Marucci, Co-Founder, President and CEO; Dr. Diane Young, Senior Vice President and Chief Medical Officer; Dr. Tibor Keler, Co-Founder, Executive Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer; Dr. Margo Heath-Chiozzi, Senior Vice President of Regulatory Affairs; and Dr. Diego Alvarado, Vice President of Research. Before we begin our discussion, I'd like to direct your attention to Slide 2 with respect to important information regarding the forward-looking statements that today's speakers will be making. Please be advised that a question-and-answer period will be held later in this call. I'd now like to turn the call over to Anthony.
Anthony S. Marucci
executiveThank you, Sarah. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us. We are looking forward to talking with you this morning about the unprecedented positive results from our Phase II study of barzolvolimab in chronic inducible urticaria. We continue to be extremely pleased by the consistency of the data, both the impressive efficacy and the favorable safety profile barzolvolimab has shown across multiple mast cell-mediated diseases. The data we will discuss this morning marks the second large-randomized placebo-controlled study where barzolvolimab has met all primary and secondary endpoints, clearly establishing clinical benefit and safety now in 2 distinct forms of urticaria, chronic spontaneous urticaria and chronic inducible urticaria. We are particularly excited about the results in CIndU because of what it could mean for patients with this difficult-to-treat disease. This is the first large-randomized placebo-controlled study to succeed an outcome in CIndU. We believe these results today will offer new hope in this disease and once again demonstrate that barzolvolimab has incredible potential to transform the lives of patients with mast cell-mediated disease. Let me ask Diane to share the data in detail with you. Diane?
Diane Young
executiveThank you, Anthony. As you know, on Saturday, we presented positive 12-week data from our ongoing Phase II study in chronic inducible urticaria. The data were presented by Dr. Jonathan Bernstein in a late-breaking oral presentation at the American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology meeting, and were extremely well received by the dermatology and allergy community who desperately need effective therapies for their patients with inducible urticaria. Dr. Bernstein is a leader in the field of chronic urticaria, and we are pleased to have collaborated with him on the barzolvolimab development program over the past 5 years. Turning to Slide 3. Chronic inducible urticaria is a miserable disease. Patients go to great lengths to avoid disease triggers, but many find it impossible to do so and are impacted by severe itching, burning hives or wheals and angioedema that impair all parts of their lives: their work; their concentration; their sleep; and their social lives. In this study, we are exploring 2 of the most common forms of inducible urticaria: cold-induced urticaria; and symptomatic dermographism. People afflicted with cold urticaria experience symptoms like itching, burning wheals and angioedema when their skin is exposed to temperatures below body temperature. It is important to know that this isn't necessarily what you and I might think of as cold. We have seen patients where the threshold temperature to develop cold urticaria can be as high as 80 degrees Fahrenheit or even higher. Navigating one's day-to-day activities trying to stay above these thresholds to avoid the onset of symptoms can be a daunting challenge. Symptomatic dermographism is characterized by the development of itchy wheals in response to stroking, scratching or rubbing of the skin and usually occurs within minutes of the inciting stimulus. Patients can experience this from everyday occurrences like the waste band of their pants, their socks or their hair touching their neck. Again, not easy things to avoid in your day-to-day life. As outlined on the bar chart and the table to the right, not surprisingly, patients with inducible urticaria also report high rates of mental health comorbidities, including anxiety and depression as they struggle with a disease they feel rules their lives. They also report high medical resource use, including visits to their primary and specialty care physicians and the emergency room and higher-than-average hospitalizations. For these diseases, mast cell activation leading to the release of soluble mediators is thought to be the driving mechanism resulting in the hives, wheals itch and other symptoms. There are currently no approved therapies for chronic inducible urticarias other than antihistamines. And unfortunately for patients, very little forward progress has been made over the years, including in recent clinical trials. Most recently, dupilumab was determined to be ineffective in cold urticaria in a global Phase III study, reporting no difference between the drug arm and the placebo arm for the primary endpoint at 24 weeks. Omalizumab has only been tested in small investigator-initiated studies in CIndU. In these studies, efficacy was assessed at 10 weeks, with return of disease noted by week 16. To achieve the best outcome in chronic inducible urticaria and to offer patients disease relief, we believe you need to target the root driver of the disease, the mast cell. Barzolvolimab's unique mast cell-depleting mechanism positions it as best in disease and the consistent positive results we have reported to date across our Phase I and Phase II studies, including now the Phase II CIndU data to support this. Before we dive into the data, let me review the study design as you see on Slide 4. This study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group Phase II study designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of 2 dose regimens of barzolvolimab in patients with CIndU who remain symptomatic despite being on a stable regimen of antihistamine therapy, which can be up to 4x the label dose. The study also allowed for patients who had prior biologic use. Patients had to have a positive provocation test, temp tests for cold urticaria and FricTest for symptomatic dermographism, and they had to have an urticaria control test less than 12, indicating that their urticaria was not well controlled. 196 patients across 78 sites in 11 countries were enrolled in 2 cohorts differentiated by CIndU subtype. This included 97 patients with cold urticaria, and 99 patients with symptomatic dermographism who were randomly assigned on a 1:1:1 ratio to receive subcutaneous injections of barzolvolimab of 150 milligrams every 4 weeks, 300 milligrams every 8 weeks or placebo during a 20-week treatment phase. Patients then enter a follow-up phase for an additional 24 weeks. The study also includes an open-label extension phase that allows patients with symptoms during the follow-up phase, including patients who were on placebo during the 20-week treatment phase, to receive active study drug for up to 20 weeks. The data we will discuss today are from the primary analysis, which was conducted at 12 weeks. Slide 5 outlines patient baseline characteristics. There are several things I'd like to point out on this slide. First, if you look across the treatment groups, this is a very well-balanced study. Second, patients on study had significant inducible urticaria symptoms and they'd had these symptoms for a long time, with means ranging from 5 to 11 years. In cold urticaria, patients presented with a mean baseline critical temperature threshold of approximately 19 degrees centigrade or 66 degrees Fahrenheit on the temp test on initial provocation testing. In patients with symptomatic dermographism, baseline FricTest thresholds were an average of 3.6 out of 4 pins. Clearly, in both settings, these are challenging dynamics for patients to navigate in their daily lives. The UCT score at baseline tells this same story, reflecting poorly controlled disease across all cohorts. We think these factors further speak to the strength of the data. As I will detail in a moment, we have achieved an exceptional outcome in a well-balanced study in a severely impacted patient population. Slide 6 shows the patient disposition. Of the 196 patients that were randomized, 3 patients were not treated, resulting in 193 patients being included in the modified intent-to-treat population used to evaluate both safety and efficacy. 90% of patients on study completed the 12-week treatment period with more patients on the placebo, 14%, discontinuing than the barzolvolimab treated groups at 8%. Discontinuations were primarily associated with patient decisions and factors that are reported as other, which include, for example, patients moving; coming off treatment because they didn't meet study eligibility requirements; difficulty navigating the demands of participating in a study, et cetera. The rate of discontinuations associated with an adverse event were low and balanced between the barzolvolimab and placebo arms. Slide 7 shows the primary endpoint, the percent of patients who achieved a complete response as assessed by a negative provocation test, the temp test for cold urticaria and the FricTest for symptomatic dermographism. I am excited to share that we met our primary endpoint in both diseases across both doses. These results are unprecedented. As Anthony said earlier, this is the first large-randomized placebo-controlled study to achieve a successful outcome in CIndU. Let's look at the data in detail. First, given that this is the primary endpoint of the study, we assess complete response here using the most conservative approach, nonresponder imputation which means if patients on study did not have a measurement at week 12, they were counted as a nonresponder. The chart on the left shows the results in cold urticaria. 46.9% of patients treated with 150 milligrams of barzolvolimab every 4 weeks and 53.1% of patients treated with 300 milligrams of barzolvolimab every 8 weeks achieved a complete response, which means no hives on provocation compared to only 12.5% of patients in the placebo group at 12 weeks. This was highly statistically significant, as you can see, based on the p-values. Second, on the right, we show the provocation results for patients with symptomatic dermographism, where 57.6% of patients treated with 150 milligrams of barzolvolimab every 4 weeks and 42.4% of patients treated with 300 milligrams of barzolvolimab every 8 weeks achieved a complete response, which again means no hives on provocation compared to only 3.2% of patients in the placebo group at 12 weeks. The p-values here are also highly statistically significant. So in summary, the primary results in both diseases are highly positive and, most importantly, very clinically meaningful for patients. As we saw in CSU, the strength of these data is supported by the fact that this study also met all its secondary endpoints, setting barzolvolimab in a class of its own in CIndU. Let's look at the other endpoints. Slide 8 shows a full responder analysis that looks at both complete and partial response. Partial response in cold urticaria requires at least a 4-degree Celsius improvement on the temp test and in SD, requires at least 2 pin improvement on the FricTest. Up to 75% of patients with cold urticaria and 67% of patients with symptomatic dermographism experienced a clinically meaningful complete or partial response. There is a high degree of statistical significance across all of the barzolvolimab dosing groups compared to placebo. The data on Slide 9 shows the improvement that patients on barzolvolimab experienced in their critical temperature and friction thresholds at 12 weeks, a key secondary endpoint. In the day-to-day life of a patient, this means you are moving the baseline threshold at which patients develop hives, so they can tolerate colder temperatures and more pressure on their skin without resulting hives. Again, patients on barzolvolimab experienced clinically meaningful and highly statistically significant changes here. In cold urticaria, patients experienced an improvement, which, in this case, is a reduction in their critical temperature threshold of approximately 9 degrees Celsius or almost 50 degrees Fahrenheit versus 0.3 degrees Celsius or about 32 degrees Fahrenheit for placebo. In symptomatic dermographism, patients improved between 2.25 to 2.5 pins versus not even a single pin for placebo. These are very meaningful differences that can dramatically improve the day-to-day lives of patients. On Slide 10, you see the time course for the improvements in critical temperature and friction thresholds. These improvements are clearly rapid and sustained over the 12-week period. They are being documented at the first clinic visit post dosing, which occurs at 2 weeks, where patients undergo repeat provocation testing. These outcomes are also supported when we look specifically at itch. On Slide 11, we show the results of the changes in worst itch NRSprovo, which assesses the worst itch that patients experience associated with their provocation test. Here again, patients reported a rapid reduction in itch at their first assessment appointment, and you can see looking at the curves that this reduction continues to improve over the 12-week treatment period. Slide 12 shows urticaria control test results. This is a validated patient-reported outcome tool that asks patients questions about their symptoms, their quality of life and how treatment is working for them on a monthly basis. At week 12, many patients on barzolvolimab achieved complete response, defined as a UCT score of 16 up to almost 38% in cold urticaria compared to just 3% for placebo and almost 35% in symptomatic dermographism compared to 0% for placebo. Looking at well-controlled disease, defined as UCT greater than or equal to 12, almost 70% of patients on barzolvolimab reported well-controlled disease across both indications compared to approximately 30% of patients on placebo. Again, highly statistically significant and clinically meaningful results. In summary, across all primary and secondary efficacy outcome measures we evaluated on the study, barzolvolimab demonstrates clinically meaningful benefit and clear superiority compared to placebo at 12 weeks. This adds further validation that targeting the root cause of the disease, the mast cell, offers the greatest opportunity for patients with CIndU to experience clinical benefit. Importantly, barzolvolimab was also well tolerated by patients on study. If we turn now to safety on Slide 13, barzolvolimab demonstrated a favorable safety profile through 12 weeks of treatment. 98% of treatment-emergent adverse events were mild to moderate in severity. 66.7% reported as Grade 1 and 31.7% reported as Grade 2. As we have seen in our other studies, the most common events are on-target effects of KIT inhibition and are expected to be reversible. The most common treatment-emergent events in barzolvolimab-treated patients at 12 weeks were hair color changes in 17 patients or 13%, with Grade 1 events reported for 15 patients and Grade 2 events reported for 2 patients. We have included pictures of representative hair color changes from this Phase II study on the next slide. The picture in the middle was reported as a Grade 2 event and the other pictures were both reported as Grade 1 events. As we have shown before, these changes are observed as areas of hair lightning on the head base and/or body. They are reversible upon treatment cessation. Neutropenia was reported in 13 patients or 10%. 7 were Grade 1 and 6 were Grade 2 events. Importantly, and consistent with our results in prior studies, these events are transient and the rate of infections was similar between barzolvolimab-treated patients in placebo with no association between neutropenia and infections. There were 5 patients who discontinued on study due to adverse events, 3 on barzolvolimab and 2 on placebo. As we discussed in July, when we reported our top line results, there was 1 treatment-related serious adverse event that resulted in discontinuation. A patient on 300 milligrams developed hives and reported chest tightness and was hospitalized, treated and fully recovered. The patient was noted to have normal oxygen levels and vital signs. We had the event reviewed by an independent adjudication committee comprised of 3 experts, and they concluded there was no evidence of anaphylaxis. On 300 milligrams, a patient discontinued for Grade 2 neutropenia because their urticaria symptoms were persisting at that time. On 150 milligrams, a patient entered the study with active urticaria and angioedema, which persisted on the study. About 3 weeks after her second dose her symptoms worsened and the patient discontinued. The patient did not have a response to treatment, and we believe this event is the patient's underlying disease. We saw a similar adverse event leading to discontinuation in the placebo group in a patient who experienced swelling of the tongue and paraesthesia or burning of the mouth. The second discontinuation in the placebo group was a patient with cystic acne and ulcers in the month. Overall, the growing body of clinical data continue to position barzolvolimab with a very positive benefit to risk ratio as a well-tolerated potentially life-changing drug for patients whose lives have been controlled for far too long by these diseases of misery. The most common treatment-related adverse events are KIT-related effects, which are mostly mild and expected to be fully reversible and the rate of discontinuation associated with these events is low. The emerging efficacy data support that sustained KIT inhibition with barzolvolimab results in unprecedented highly statistically significant and clinically meaningful disease control, including complete response, which is the goal for patients and their physicians. Before I turn the call over to Anthony to close, in summary, on Slide 15, I have to say we are very pleased with this outcome for patients with inducible urticaria and for the barzolvolimab program. Barzolvolimab is the first drug in development to demonstrate statistically significant and clinically meaningful results in a large-randomized placebo-controlled study in this disease setting, and these data clearly support moving into registrational studies. The study met all primary and secondary endpoints with statistical significance, including high rates of complete and partial response. Improvement was marked and rapid across multiple endpoints and was sustained through the 12-week period. Barzolvolimab was also well tolerated with a safety profile consistent with previous studies. As we look across the full treatment period of 20 weeks, the data continue to be exemplary and the safety profile remains the same. We look forward to working with the health authorities to design a successful registration program, moving us closer to our goal of bringing this potential new medicine to patients. In closing, it is incredibly gratifying to see such consistent results across our studies. And as a physician, I am very excited about the potential opportunity that lies ahead for patients who need much better treatment options. On behalf of Celldex, I want to thank the patients and physicians who are participating in this study and playing a direct role in helping to make this a reality. I also want to again recognize Dr. Marcus Maurer who played such a leadership role in advocating for patients with inducible urticaria and encouraging drug development in this space. I know he would be thrilled that patients are 1 step closer to potentially having a new treatment option. Anthony?
Anthony S. Marucci
executiveThank you, Diane. I want to echo Diane's gratitude and thank the patients and physicians who are participating in this study. I also share Diane's thoughts on Dr. Maurer. When Celldex first began to explore mast cell-driven diseases, Marcus was instrumental in helping us grow our understanding of these indications and how significantly patients are impacted. The goal of drug development in this space isn't to provide a treatment that helps a patient tamp down their urticaria when they aren't successful at avoiding their triggers. It's to fundamentally change their trigger threshold and allow them to enjoy a full enriched life that isn't governed by a strict set of rules and precautions at every turn. I remember Marcus telling us about a patient with cold urticaria who participated in our Phase I study and came to the clinic so excited because she had been able to drive her car with the window rolled down and that she had eaten ice cream the night before, something she hadn't done in years. He talked about patients with symptomatic dermographism who couldn't wear socks or pants with a belt. It's easy to take these things for granted in our lives and I do as well. But I think if you know how to meticulously plan every aspect of your day, to live your life to avoid your triggers, many of which, when it comes right down to it, are just unavoidable. The data we discussed today gives me great confidence that barzolvolimab can help these patients not just manage their disease, but hopefully regain control of their lives. We believe executing a Phase III program in CIndU and assuming positive data, pursuing approval in CIndU will be important for these patients, their families and their physicians. There are conservatively more than 270,000 patients with inducible urticaria in the U.S. and EU5. We plan to address the 2 largest subtypes, cold and SD. On its own, these markets are sizable. We have great confidence given the rigor of our Phase II study that we can repeat these results in Phase III and become the drug of choice these patients who want to regain control over their lives with a fast-acting, durable drug that offers meaningful opportunity for complete disease control. We look forward to working with the regulators to chart the path forward here, and we'll keep investors updated as we do. With that, I know it's a busy morning and I want to thank you all for joining us. We look forward to taking your questions and letting you carry on with your day. Operator, we're now ready to take questions.
Operator
operator[Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from Thomas Smith with Leerink Partners.
Thomas Smith
analystCongrats on the data.
Anthony S. Marucci
executiveThank you.
Thomas Smith
analystJust one question. And if I could sneak in a follow-up after that, that would be great. Just first on efficacy. It looks like you're having a really rapid onset effect here at week 2. Wonder if you could provide some updated thoughts on how you're currently thinking about the Phase III trial design and whether there's an opportunity to take a look at earlier time points, so you can better define that onset of effect.
Diane Young
executiveSo in terms of the Phase III trial design, we need to have discussions with the FDA as far as appropriate endpoints for that study. We're certainly thinking of a randomized placebo-controlled study. We're looking at both forms of inducible urticaria. And we do think that we have positive doses for both doses in this study. So we would certainly consider both those doses and we are considering adding a loading dose as we've done with our CSU study. And certainly, there's the possibility of looking at earlier time points in the study.
Anthony S. Marucci
executiveYes. But remember, in this study, Tom, we did the time points at 2 weeks, which was their first visit. So we're really getting that rapid response that we're looking for. I think that going forward with the Phase III, we're just looking to see, because we need to look at weights, we need to look at a bunch of different things, whether it's appropriate to do a loading dose. But we're perfectly happy with the rapidity of the response, the durability that we're seeing. And again, I don't think we would need to look any earlier than 2 weeks because that's when we're looking at their first assessment.
Thomas Smith
analystGot it. That makes sense. And yes, just with respect to the data that's still being generated in this study, I know it's designed as a 20-week randomized period, and then you're following the patients after another 24 weeks. Can you comment at all on anything that you're seeing both in terms of efficacy or safety out beyond that 12-week time point that was presented here? Do you have any data out at the 20-week time point or out into the follow-up period at this point?
Diane Young
executiveYes. So the data beyond 12 weeks is not yet cleaned and we haven't analyzed it, but we're certainly following the data. And I can tell you that we're pleased with what we're seeing both from an efficacy and a safety standpoint.
Thomas Smith
analystGot it. That's helpful. All right, guys. Congrats on the data.
Anthony S. Marucci
executiveThanks, Tom.
Operator
operatorOur next question comes from [ Jana Han ] with TD Cowen. Our next question comes from Yatin Suneja with Guggenheim Securities.
Eddie Hickman
analystThis is Eddie on for Yatin. Congrats on the data. It looks like a lower number of the oma-experienced to refractory patients were enrolled. Did those show consistent efficacy and were there any dupi-experienced patients in the study? Any added color on that would be helpful, even though I know the numbers were lower. And then it looks like the discontinuation rate was a bit higher in SD versus the cold. Is there any explanation for that biologically and could it impact the Phase III design at all?
Diane Young
executiveSo in terms of the omalizumab-treated patients, we did see a lower incidence of oma-treated patients. We think that's because it's not approved in this indication and in the countries that we were doing the study, a lot of them, the patients may not have had access to omalizumab as they might in the U.S. But we were very encouraged by the data in that small number of patients and very consistently to what we've seen with other studies. We do see responses in oma-experienced and particularly oma-refractory patients. We had 9 omalizumab-treated patients on the study, 6 were omalizumab-refractory and 2 of those were in the placebo group and had no response, 2 were in the 150 or the -- and 2 were in the 300 group, and out of the barzol-treated patients, 3 out of 4 had response -- complete response on the study. And then in terms of dupilumab, interestingly, we had 4 patients who had prior dupilumab all in cold urticaria, and 3 out of 4 of those patients had responses -- complete responses.
Eddie Hickman
analystVery helpful. And then after discontinuation?
Diane Young
executiveYes. I don't have -- I don't really have a reason why the discontinuation rate was higher in symptomatic dermographism at this time. I mean, the most common reasons for discontinuation were common to both, which is things like patient decision just to get off the study, moving, patients not being eligible for the study, but there, we don't really see yet a difference why that rate should be different.
Eddie Hickman
analystGot you. And then just finally, is the placebo sort of in the range you expected? And then how should we expect that to sort of evolve as the study matures to sort of later time points?
Diane Young
executiveSo there isn't that much published actually in these indications that we could know precisely what the placebo was going to be. The placebo varies according to which tools you're looking at. But I will say we were extremely pleased with the placebo rates that we got in the study and the fact that we have differences from placebo in virtually all of the endpoints, which is very encouraging.
Eddie Hickman
analystCongrats again.
Anthony S. Marucci
executiveThank you.
Operator
operatorOur next question comes from Kristen Kluska with Cantor Fitzgerald.
Kristen Kluska
analystCongrats on these updated data. Looks very good. So I wanted to ask more about the current commercial dynamics and reimbursement piece. Obviously, this is a different ballgame than CCU given there are no current approved therapies here. So maybe can you remind us, first, on reimbursement, how Xolair is used, whether it's reimbursed in current regions and also how that might impact the positioning of where barzol could be utilized if approved?
Anthony S. Marucci
executiveYes, Kristen. So in the U.S., they are using it off-label. I do believe that they are getting reimbursed to a lesser extent. But also, we also think that they would also have probably some CSU on top of what they're having. In Europe and other parts of the world, we know in Europe that they won't get reimbursed. In fact, in Europe, you have to have an approval of the indication otherwise, you don't get reimbursed. And then there are other parts of the world where Xolair is not even approved. So there's really no ability for those patients to get it for CIndU. Does that answer your question?
Kristen Kluska
analystYes.
Operator
operatorNext question comes [ Jana Han ] with TD Cowen.
Yaron Werber
analystIt's Yaron.
Sarah Cavanaugh
executiveYaron, we can hear you.
Yaron Werber
analystOkay, great. Sorry for the confusion on the name. Maybe just a couple of questions that are interrelated. The first one is when you look at the slides, because we get questions on this a lot on the hair color changes, it looks fairly mild and sort of very diffuse. Can you maybe talk about what's the cadence of hair color change? Does it happen early and sort of it's sustainable? And the picture that you're showing, is that sort of typical of what patients see? And then maybe secondly, and I know you're going to give more guidance on your year-end call, but for the EoE data, the Phase II proof of concept, is there a chance to get that data next year?
Anthony S. Marucci
executiveSure.
Diane Young
executiveYes. So in terms of the hair color changes, they start occurring several weeks into treatment. I think the pictures that we have are representative of the kinds of things we see, which, as we've said, are mild hair lightning. It can be on the head, on the body, on the beard or whatever. So I think those pictures are...
Anthony S. Marucci
executiveThey're very indicative.
Diane Young
executiveAre typical of what we've been seeing. And as we've said, they do reverse off of treatment.
Anthony S. Marucci
executiveYes. And again, those pictures are very indicative of what's been seen in the clinic. And you can just see very, very light pieces of hair being changed. And what we also see there, a lot of these patients are in their 40s, 50s and even 60s. So they're being told -- the PIs are being told to look for it because it is a KIT-targeting mechanism. So -- but there's really no concern. Nobody gets off study because of this stuff for the most part. And as far as the EoE study, Yaron, we should be completing that in the first half and we'll present those data at the appropriate conference in the second half of '25.
Yaron Werber
analystOkay. Great. But I don't know if you can hear me, but just the hair color changes, this is sort of consistent with what is seen even at a year? It's not as if the whole hair everywhere is changing white?
Anthony S. Marucci
executiveYes. Very consistent with what you see even longer term.
Diane Young
executiveYes, correct.
Yaron Werber
analystSo it's very subtle and it seems consistent from what you see early to what you see later on?
Anthony S. Marucci
executiveCorrect.
Operator
operatorOur next question comes from Sam Slutsky with LifeSci Capital.
Samuel Slutsky
analystJust on Phase III for CIndU, can you just discuss the expectations for how easy to enroll in a CIndU study versus CSU? And then any insights from your experience enrolling the Phase II studies, both in CSU and CIndU? Whether it's patients per site and kind of so forth? How do you think about that timing?
Diane Young
executiveYes. So I think CIndU is a less common disease than CSU. And we have different subtypes you need to select. But beyond that, it wasn't really that difficult to enroll the study. We tend to involve the same investigators in our CSU studies as well as our CIndU studies.
Anthony S. Marucci
executiveYes. So Sam, we had a certain time limit on this study that we thought we could accrue it on, and we beat that by several months. I'm sure these data will be very, very helpful to us as we go into the Phase III part of the accrual. Cold does have a little bit more seasonality to it. But as Diane said, we had no problems accruing the study or getting people interested or PIs interested for that matter. And off of that, the Phase III is going to be a lot smaller than the CSU study. So we don't think it's going to take any more time than the Phase II did.
Samuel Slutsky
analystGot it. And then do have time for a follow-up?
Diane Young
executiveYes.
Anthony S. Marucci
executiveSure.
Samuel Slutsky
analystWell, just regarding SD and cold, obviously, they're the most common. Can you just remind me what first portion of CIndU they make up? And then, I guess, as you think broader, any plans to expand into other cholinergic or other subtypes?
Anthony S. Marucci
executiveSure. So SD makes up anywhere between 60% and 65% of the CIndUs and cold makes up anywhere between 15% and 20%. So the vast majority of them are SD and cold followed by cholinergic, which is probably another 10% to 15%. So just between the 3 of them, it's probably closer to 90% to 95% of all CIndUs.
Operator
operatorOur next question comes from David Lebowitz with Citi.
David Lebowitz
analystCould you offer a perspective on what the urticaria of these patients might experience versus the more run-of-the-mill experience that typical individuals have probably all experienced in terms of the severity in terms of edema and the types of effects that would drive them to be going to higher-level therapies?
Diane Young
executiveSo the patients can experience -- they can experience very severe urticaria associated with their triggers. And it's not relieved by antihistamines. The cold urticaria patients, in particular, can have -- in addition to the severe urticaria and angioedema, can actually have very severe systemic effects as well. So I think that's one of the underrecognized things about CIndU is that there is a patient population that is very severely impacted and have modified their lives to significant degrees to avoid their triggers. And those would be the patients that would be appropriate for biologics here.
David Lebowitz
analystTypically, how effective is the effort to avoid triggers and keeping symptoms at bay?
Diane Young
executiveI mean it really depends on the individual patients. For some patients, it may be possible. If you have cold urticaria and you live in a warm climate, for example. But for other patients, the nature of their disease is such that it really is pretty hard to avoid their triggers.
Operator
operatorOur next question comes from Robert (sic) [ Roger ] Song with Jefferies.
Jiale Song
analystCongrats for the data. This is Roger from Jefferies. So quick questions. One is you have a couple of Grade 2 neutropenia, but you only have 1 leading to the discontinuation. Just curious what that case is different from other Grade 2 neutropenia. Why it caused the discontinuation while other Grade 2 did not? And then also regarding the data updates moving forward from this Phase II, when and how we should expect to see the next data update, for example, like [ FricTest ] and maybe some biopsy for the mast cell depletion?
Diane Young
executiveYes. Thank you for the question. So the Grade 2 neutropenia that discontinued was a Grade 2 neutropenia and the patient -- but the patient also was not responding. So when it was time to kind of come in and have lab tests and continuing the study, the patient said, "I'm not responding. I don't want to bother." So they really -- while they did have Grade 2 neutropenia, the patient decided not to continue in the study.
Sarah Cavanaugh
executiveAnd data reporting?
Diane Young
executiveYes. So the data reporting, we plan to next report on this study after we've completed the 24-week follow-up. So we think that will be sometime in the second half of next year.
Operator
operatorOur next question comes from Rich Law with GS.
Jin Law
analystCongrats on the data. How should we interpret the endpoint that you achieved? And how do those translate to quality of life benefits across the daily activities for patients and compared to people without disease? And then I have a follow-up question.
Anthony S. Marucci
executiveRichard, I'm sorry, you kind of broke up. Can you repeat that, please?
Jin Law
analystYes. How should we interpret the endpoints that you guys achieved? And how do those translate to quality of life benefits across the daily activity for patients and compared to people without the disease?
Diane Young
executiveSo the primary endpoint of the study was the negative provocation test. So a provocation test measure what degree of stimulus in 1 case, temperature and in 1 case, pressure, cause the patient to have hives. And so with the cold urticaria test, complete response means that the patients, no matter what their threshold that was inducing their hives was at the beginning, then you couldn't induce the hives anymore. So that means that you shouldn't be able to simulate the -- you shouldn't be able to stimulate hives. And similarly, for the FricTest, the fact that they were able to reduce the number of pins means that less pressure would be causing the hives on their skin. So in terms of -- so these endpoints, these thresholds are -- there's data in the literature that they are very relevant to the patient's overall quality of life. In this case, we -- in addition to the provocation endpoints, we also looked at the urticaria control test. And that is a very nice global test that is asking the patient about their day-to-day experiences with urticaria over the past month. So it's asking about their symptoms, how well they feel the treatment is controlling the symptoms and also their quality of life is included in that as well. So as you can see, we have very high rates of people achieving well-controlled or complete control of their urticaria by that measure. So we regard that as a measure that is reflecting the patient's overall quality of life in urticaria.
Jin Law
analystGot it. So when you say complete response, would that carry over to like day-to-day activity like eating ice cream, swimming and stuff like that without causing any symptoms?
Diane Young
executiveYes, it should. And that's what we saw in our Phase Ib study, and that's what we're seeing here is that all the endpoints are very consistent. When you have a reduction in those provocation tests, you also get improvement in quality of life and control of urticaria day-to-day.
Jin Law
analystI see. Okay.
Anthony S. Marucci
executiveWe're changing the paradigm here.
Jin Law
analystFantastic. And have you guys analyzed the health economics for CIndU? And what is that like health economic value for a drug like barzol? I think you guys put out some numbers in terms of the number of HCP/ER visits and hospitalization. So I was curious to see like what -- how does the drug translate to health economic value?
Anthony S. Marucci
executiveYes, that's a continuing process, Richard. We've done some of it in the U.S. We're going to do the rest of it in Europe, and we should have some more data on that sometime midyear next year. But we do believe it's very high.
Jin Law
analystGreat. And then just one final question. How do you anticipate the longer-term safety and discontinuation rate look like for CIndU compared to your CSU 52 weeks? Is there any DC's characteristics about CIndU that would make you think that the discontinuation could be higher or lower?
Anthony S. Marucci
executiveNo.
Diane Young
executiveNo.
Anthony S. Marucci
executiveNo. Like I said, we've taken a look at the unclean 20-week data. We're very happy with what we see both on safety and efficacy. We don't anticipate it being much different than CSU. So -- but we have to see. We're very encouraged.
Operator
operatorOur next question comes from Alex Thompson with Stifel.
Alexander Thompson
analystCongrats on the data. I guess maybe if I could ask a question on the CSU Phase III program. I was wondering if you could provide a little bit of color on how the enrollment there is progressing and whether there have been any instances of anaphylaxis as you started to dose patients broadly.
Anthony S. Marucci
executiveSure. So it's too early to be giving any guidance on how it started because we just started during the summer. We are enrolling as we would have expected. We're putting sites on as we would have expected. There has been nothing on anaphylaxis. So we're just moving forward with this stuff. But nothing to report on anything other than the study is moving along as we had expected and as we had hoped.
Alexander Thompson
analystGreat. And then maybe one quick follow-up. I guess, in the CIndU study here, could you comment sort of on your confidence in tryptase as a biomarker and sort of the broader directionality and magnitude of reductions across both those arms?
Tibor Keler
executiveAlex, this is Tibor. Sure. So as we said throughout this program, we really think tryptase is a remarkable biomarker. I've never come across something that correlates so well with both the mechanism of action, mast cell depletion as well as with the clinical outcomes. And we've been following tryptase and using it really to guide our decisions in terms of dosing and regimens. And we'll do that here as well with CIndU for determining what would be best to move forward in Phase III. But overall, as we've shown with other data endpoints, tryptase has really shown to be very consistent with barzol's effect in terms of rapid and sustained significant profound decrease in tryptase and very important to maintain that suppression of tryptase.
Operator
operatorOur next question...
Sarah Cavanaugh
executiveAndy, are you there?
Unknown Analyst
analystIt's [ Chuka ] on the phone for Andy. Two quick ones from us. So the first one on enrollment. What are your expectations for a Phase III versus -- Phase III enrollment versus dupi and remi? And then on CSU Phase III, you appear to be enrolling from 28 and 41 locations. Would this be all? Or will you plan on adding new locations over time? And then what is the total site count in your plan?
Anthony S. Marucci
executiveOkay. So as far as CSU, we plan on enrolling 1,800-plus patients in the study, approximately 480 sites across 36 countries. [ Chuka ], as far as our expectations for Phase III enrollment versus dupi and remi, we'll just go by what we did in our Phase II, which we've accrued it in less than 18 months. And we think it shouldn't be anything longer than that because the study is not going to be nearly as large as CSU. In fact, depending on what we discuss with the FDA, we're looking at a couple of hundred patients in SD and cold. So we think that the timing around that will be very rapid.
Operator
operatorAnd our last question comes from Joe Pantginis with H.C. Wainwright.
Joseph Pantginis
analystVery nice data. So just quickly, first, a follow-up on the kinetics of the response. Obviously, it's about the long-term efficacy here and you do see a rapid response within 2 weeks. I was just curious on the front end. At least, do you have any physician evidence from patient anecdotes that it's working even faster?
Tibor Keler
executiveWell, they don't visit until the week 2. So I don't know that we have any anecdotes. We certainly did capture some earlier data in our Phase I study. We certainly expect that patients are responding very quickly. We do know that subcu exposure is a little bit slower than IV, but I expect that patients are beginning to experience benefit within days of their initial dosing but we haven't captured that data, Joe.
Joseph Pantginis
analystNo, I understand. No, that's helpful. And then my broader question is for Anthony and the team in general. So to the extent that you want to or can answer, when you look at all of the data releases that you've had, all of which have been positive, whether it's for CSU or CIndU and beyond, there really seem to be 2 divergent patterns. The first pattern is really the broader positive response that you're getting from the medical community regarding the clinical efficacy and the rapidity of the efficacy. And the second pattern of response is really on the investment front that leads to, I'd call it, extra volatility with sometimes extra focus on the neutropenia and that's despite all of the neutropenia that you're seeing pretty much staying within the limits of normal. So I'm hoping you can sort of describe the divergent patterns here.
Anthony S. Marucci
executiveYes. I mean I'll give you my take on it, and then Diane can answer it, too. I mean, so when we get questions about neutropenia, the first thing we're starting to do now is do you have a question on neutropenia or do you have a question on the grades of neutropenia? And that usually stop some people in their tracks because they don't understand the difference between a Grade 1, a Grade 2 and a Grade 3. Now you've seen on most of our studies, many of the neutropenias are Grade 1, which are basically very, very small drops from normal. We've only had 1 confirmed Grade 3 in over 335 patients treated in our Phase II study. So I think that there's a big disconnect, Joe, and that's something that we hope to bridge over the coming months as we conduct more studies and get out more data. So we're going to look to try to bridge that.
Joseph Pantginis
analystGreat. I appreciate that, Anthony. Looking forward to the next steps.
Anthony S. Marucci
executiveThanks, Joe.
Operator
operatorThank you. There are no further questions at this time. I'd like to turn the call back over to Anthony Marucci for closing remarks.
Anthony S. Marucci
executiveOkay. Thank you very much, and thanks, everybody, for joining us this morning. We appreciate the early start and have a great day.
Operator
operatorThank you for your participation. This does conclude the program. You may now disconnect. Everyone, have a great day.
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