CNH Industrial N.V. (CNH) Earnings Call Transcript & Summary

Good morning, and welcome to the CNH Third Quarter Results Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] I will now turn the call over to Jason Omerza, Vice President of Investor Relations.

Thank you, Jeanne, and good morning, everyone. We would like to welcome you to the webcast and conference call for CNH Industrial's third quarter results for the period ending September 30, 2024. This call is being broadcast live on our website and is copyrighted by CNH. Any other use, recording or transmission of any portion of this broadcast without the express written consent of CNH is strictly prohibited. Hosting today's call are CNH CEO, Gerrit Marx; and CFO, Oddone Incisa. They will reference the material available for download from the CNH website. Please note that any forward-looking statements that we might make during today's call are subject to the risks and uncertainties mentioned in the safe harbor statement included in the presentation material. Additional information pertaining to factors that could cause actual results to differ materially is contained in the company's most recent 10-K annual report as well as other periodic reports and filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. The company presentation includes certain non-GAAP financial measures. Additional information, including reconciliations to the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures is included in the presentation material. In addition, the presentation has been updated for an immaterial revision to our reported joint venture results for 2023 and the first half of 2024, related to our unconsolidated Turkish joint venture whose functional currency is the Turkish lira. The Turkish economy was deemed highly inflationary in 2022 and CNH has determined that CNH's translation of the joint venture results into U.S. dollars under highly inflationary accounting resulted in an immaterial overstatement of CNH's results. In today's presentation, prior year period results and variances to those results have been updated to reflect this revision. The impact by quarter can be found in the appendix of today's presentation materials. With that, I will now turn the call over to Gerrit.

Thank you, Jason, for clarifying this point upfront and thanks to everyone for joining our call. The third quarter marked my first 3 months as CNH's Chief Executive Officer, and I wanted to take a few moments to share some of my observations with you. As in every cycle downturn before, this is a financially challenging environment for most of our farmers. The depressed commodity prices continue to weigh on farm income and sentiment remains muted and uncertain across regions. We've had low visibility on the industry cycle so far, especially as the retail pace has been slowing month over month. As in prior cycle swings, but in a more proactive way, we continue to work with our dealers as they reduce their inventory levels, which are above our set targets entering 2025. We know what needs to be done here and our efforts to underproduce retail demand will continue into 2025. I have visited many of our manufacturing R&D sites, and I'm encouraged by the desire and attitude to drive quality more consistently in everything that we do. We are on a very good trajectory here. With this spirit, we have also taken significant strides to address quality issues stemming from a protracted labor strike, and we have the fixes in place to support our end customers. Overall, within 2024, we will have spent around $100 million to address various field quality priorities. We've also been diligent in pursuing cost efficiencies in our plants, and we are taking action to rebalance capacities where necessary. Beyond that, we are also evaluating options to simplify our footprint. I'm really excited about the strategic sourcing work we are doing and how it will transform our supply base and how we work with our supplier partners. We are taking many strategic actions to drive long-term value and efficiency across our businesses in continuation of the well-timed and properly targeted interventions got one launched some time ago. We have an outstanding product portfolio, and I appreciate the tremendous amount of work being done to bring our new tech to market with in-house solutions, both for factory fit and the aftermarket. We have a lot of great things in our product launch pipeline coming over the next few years, and you will see our unprecedented lineup in about 1 year at the Agritechnica 2025 show. Despite the headwinds we are experiencing in the macro environment, I'm very energized by the passion and expertise of our employees, and I thank them for their diligent work in delivering for our customers and for their daily suggestions on how to improve our business. As we work together as one team, we bring practical, reliable and performing solutions to farmers and builders. There's a lot to do and to transform as we write our next chapter, and I'm humbled and honored to lead our global team on this transformational journey. Turning to the quarter. we continue to execute our cost reduction activities. As Oddone will explain in detail later, during the quarter, we have saved an incremental $85 million in cost to shore up our gross profit, and we achieved an additional $45 million in SG&A savings. These cost savings are an obvious must do for 2 reasons: First, we must respond to the market reality and ensure we align our operating efficiency and effectiveness across all areas. Second, we must continue our journey to structurally improve our margins for the long term while investing in our future products and services. This is a daily and weekly grind and will progress inch by inch. Our refocused organization structure has been operating throughout the business for about 2 months now. Our leadership team is working together more closely and frequently than ever, and that's helping to ensure the team is aligned on the ground and making well-informed decisions. Following the successful progress of the first wave of our strategic sourcing program, we kicked off the second wave with our supplier convention in Orlando, Florida, with 700 existing and potential future suppliers representing just about $2 billion in annual purchase volume. While one part of our team is working on implementing the way to one contract worth around $2 billion in purchases, another team of -- another part of the team is starting the supplier selection for the Wave 2 components. Such a comprehensive challenge of our entire supply base has not been done in a while and has already started to surface great new and existing relationships with our supplier partners. We are upgrading underlining most of our commercial and qualitative supply terms for a mutually beneficial future. In August, we fully launched FieldOps, our new and long-awaited off-board form management system that was developed in-house, and we are already getting very positive feedback from our customers. This new web and mobile platform allows farmers to monitor their equipment, whether CNH or other OEMs brands and gather agronomic data, agronomic data with the tap of the stream. FieldOps relies on the same software foundation that will be fully integrated with the new onboard operating system rolling out in our equipment over the next couple of years. Our in-house technology journey is accelerating. The third quarter brought continuous challenges across the industry. We saw ongoing pressure on retail demand, but we have moved to reduce production and shipment volumes in response, which is reflected in the financial results and in our updated guidance. We are pursuing a material reduction in deal inventories by the end of the year, and we'll continue our efforts until we reach our target levels. Third quarter consolidated revenues were down 22% and industrial net sales were down 25% as we work towards underproducing the retail demand to help our dealers to lower their inventories. Sales were down in all regions across both agriculture and construction tied to a 27% year-over-year reduction in production hours on top of the first cut of 10% in AG in Q3 2023. Our industrial gross margin reduced by 220 basis points versus the same quarter last year. And the adjusted EBIT margin was 8.4%, down 340 basis points compared to quarter 3 2023, primarily driven primarily from the lower equipment deliveries, partially offset by our cost reduction actions. EPS was $0.24 compared to $0.40 last year. I already mentioned how industry demand remained weak in the third quarter as farmers dealt with lower farm incomes and builders are largely caught up on their CapEx backlogs. Ag demand in Brazil and Europe continues to be weak and the expected softness in North America row crop demand has begun to manifest. Dealers continue working through their new and used inventory, which is above our target levels. We estimate dealer and new inventory is about $1 billion to $1.5 billion or around 1 to 1.5 months too high. While we reiterate that in the current market, our primary lever for achieving channel inventory reductions is through lower production. We also took some focused pricing actions on specific subsets of inventory that are directed at retail sales and dealer support for used sales in the coming months. There's so much good that comes from a relentless focus on quality from more efficient plant operations to lower warranty claims to a healthier price realization and higher customer satisfaction levels. Our machines do very tough work, and the stress is exceptional at times. We not only have to get first-time quality down the right. But moreover, the service performance for our end customer needs to be an area of attention as we redeploy our resources from the back end to the front end of our business. We are proud that despite the industry headwinds, our teams remain steadfast in delivering excellence to our customers along all of those lines. With that, I will now turn the call over to Oddone to take us through the financial results.

Thank you, Gerrit, and good morning and good afternoon to everyone on the call. Third quarter net sales of Industrial Activities of nearly $4 billion were down 25% year-over-year. This was mainly driven by the decrease of equipment deliveries on lower industry demand, compounded by the impact of dealer increasing their inventories in 2023, but needed to reduce them in 2024. Adjusted net income in the quarter was $304 million, with an adjusted diluted earnings per share of $0.24, down $0.16 from Q3 2023. Free cash flow for industry activities was an outflow of $180 million. This is consistent with the seasonality of working capital in the third quarter and is affected by the lower year-over-year activity levels. Moving to the segments. Agricultural net sales decreased 24% for the period with lower volumes across all regions and an overproportionate reduction on sales of combined harvesters. Production hours in our agriculture equipment plants were down 42% year-over-year in the quarter for our row-crop products, so for large tractor and combined and 26% year-to-date for the entire product range. Gross margin was down 290 basis points at 22.7%. The margin results were driven mainly by lower volume in all regions and negative price realization in EMEA and South America, as we launched the targeted campaigns to support deliveries to end customers in the coming months. We still expect net pricing to remain positive for the full year. SG&A expenses were $46 million lower year-over-year as labor costs were reduced to the head count reduction and variable compensation. Lower advertising and travel and structural improvements in our outsourced service continued to provide a partial shield to the quarterly earnings. R&D expense was $40 million less than last year, and benefit from similar back-office efficiencies while we have substantially maintained the flow of our engineering activities. Variances in our JV income in the third quarter is included in FX and other category and accounts for about half of the $46 million delta shown. The other half of the variance relates to a major inventory refurbishing campaign and to FX translations. Adjusted EBIT margin ended at 10.2% with decremental EBIT margin at 28%, highlighting the importance of our cost savings. Turning to construction. Net sales for the quarter were $687 million, down 28% year-over-year, driven by lower volume in all regions. In Construction tool, the team is seeking a reduction of channel inventories. Despite the lower sales, gross margin grew by 70 basis points to 16.6%. The Lower volumes and pricing were partially offset by lower total costs due to lower material costs and better plant efficiencies. SG&A expenses were down $13 million and R&D was down $3 million compared to Q3 2023. Third quarter adjusted EBIT margin was down slightly year-over-year at 5.8%, with decremental EBIT margin of 8%. On the Financial Services. Net income in the third quarter was $78 million, an $8 million decrease compared to 2023. This is primarily due to higher risk costs in South America, spurred by higher delinquencies in agriculture for which we took additional provisions. This was partially offset by favorable volumes and margin improvement in most regions and saw favorable discrete tax items. Retail originations in the quarter were $2.8 billion, down $0.2 billion compared to the same period of 2023. The managed portfolio at the end of the quarter was about $29 billion, up $2.2 billion on a constant currency basis year-over-year. Delinquencies on book, which saw a seasonal spike last quarter were down sequentially to 2.2%. However, they remain related from prior year due to economic factors, specifically in South America. Delinquencies in our North America portfolio are below 0 and 8%. As a reference, they were at the highest 3% in 2009. We have increased our credit risk provisions to remain adequately covered in case of increased loan defaults. As noted by Gerrit, our industrial cost reduction programs continue to yield results, and we reaffirm our commitment to driving structural cost improvements throughout the company. For cost of goods sold, we have saved $213 million year-to-date with focused efforts on reducing logistics, manufacturing and material costs. Full year savings are forecast to be about $300 million, reflecting the lower production volumes. As we look ahead to 2025, with respect to our year-over-year gross carryover benefit from these actions of $70 million to $90 million. We will continue pursuing productivity improvements and the strategic sourcing program to drive further reductions. Our SG&A savings, including the impact of our restructuring program launch in late 2023 have been $150 million in the 9 months, and we forecast that we will reach about $180 million for the full year. That will lead to a gross year-over-year carryover saving of $30 million to $50 million into 2025. Please note that while we have lower variable compensation accruals for the year, we have not included the impact of these savings in the savings we are commenting here. Now to put our capital allocation priorities in context, I want to mention some of the main industrial free cash flow dynamics as our 2024 outlook has reduced significantly in connection with the reduction in sales in the last half of the year. The biggest factor impacting our cash flow is our activity level and operating performance. Obviously, with higher demand, we produce more, we sell more and generate more cash and vice versa. But the follow-on effect on the net working capital when sales and production levels change, primarily linked to the divergent terms in our receivables and payables. Another factor is whether our balance sheet prevalence or accrued liabilities are stable, growing or shrinking. For example, for every unit we invoice to dealers, we set aside an adequate amount of money to support future retail sales by them, in what we call marketing research or pool funds. When dealers shrink their inventories, those reserves are net payout and a use of marketing research is a net use of cash. With our understanding of the cash dynamics and the foreseen impact on this year's free cash flow, we know that once production and sales realign, the usual conversion of income into cash will resume. And I want to finish up with a note on our capital allocation priorities and specifically on shareholder returns. We reaffirm our policy to dividend 25% to 35% of adjusted net income to shareholders. We also reaffirm our intention that after small M&A needs are funded, over the cycle, we will return essentially all excess free cash flow to shareholders through dividends and share buybacks. That does mean that in individual years, we may return more cash than we generated in that year. And in other years, we may return less cash than we generate in that year and instead pay down some debt. But over the course of the cycle, we intend to return essentially all the excess free cash flow while keeping our balance sheet at levels that allow us to preserve our credit ratings. Since January 2023, we have repurchased over 100 million shares reducing the share count by about 7%. With that, I will turn it back to Gerrit.

Thank you, Oddone. Now let us review our revised outlook for 2024. In agriculture, we have lowered the industry demand forecast for combined across the major markets by 5 to 10 percentage points. As Case IH and New Holland have a high product mix in combines, this market demand reduction is driving an unfavorable mix impact for CNH in this phase of the cycle. We also slightly lowered our outlook for high house power tractors in North America. We now expect global production hours to be down 36% year-over-year in Q4 on top of the 21% reduction we had in 2023. We do forecast AG pricing to be positive year-over-year in the fourth quarter, and we affirm our expectation for about plus 1% net pricing for the full year. With those factors in mind, we expect full year AG net sales to be down between 22% to 23% year-over-year. We now expect Agriculture's full year EBIT margin to be between 10.5% to 11.5%, off from prior guidance of 13% to 14%, about 70 basis points of the change from the previous guidance is because of the change in joint venture accounting. The remaining change is due to the lower sales levels and lower production. In construction, we have slightly improved the industry projections for South America in an effort to keep our channel inventory levels in check. We are planning global production hours to be down 13% year-over-year in Q4. Net pricing in Q4 will be modestly negative as it was in Q3. Therefore, we have slightly lowered our full year net debt forecast to be down between 21% to 22% year-over-year. We still forecast construction EBIT margin to be between 5% to 6%. Combining with 2 industry businesses, we expect the full year decrease in net sales to be between 22% to 23%, Industrial EBIT margin is now forecasted to be between 8% to 9%, about 60 basis points of the change is due to the accounting revision and the remainder is due to the lower production and sales levels. Free cash flow is expected to be negative now an outflow between $100 million to $300 million, most notably because of our lower wholesales considering the targeted dealer inventory reductions. But there are also other variables, such as our exposure to payables with quarter-on-quarter decline in production or pay out to dealers for marketing reserves as they sell new and used machines, as Oddone mentioned. The Q4 net cash generation of around $1 billion will not fully offset the year-to-date negative cash outflow. The drags on our Q4 and full year cash flow will swing the other way when we see the market stabilize and production approach as retail levels. EPS is now forecasted between $1.05 and $1.15, about $0.08 of the change is due to accounting revision. The remainder is due to the lower production and sales levels. I will conclude with a few words on our priorities for the remainder of the year and some preliminary thoughts about 2025 and beyond. Our efforts to reduce the inventories has been challenged by a very difficult and evolving industry dynamics. We are still focused on reducing both our dealers and our own inventory in a price-conscious way. Underproduction to retail demand is likely to continue through the first half of 2025 with the target to produce in line with retail for all products in all regions by the second half. We are taking orders for model year 2025 equipment, but the commercial environment remains challenging. For AG, we are filling Q2 production slots for certain products in North America. For all other regions and products, we are filling production slots for Q1 now. We continue to focus on cost containment and streamlining our processes in line with our new organizational structure because as we look ahead to 2025, market conditions indicate the need for continued spending prudence. We still don't have enough information to make a call on the retail demand next year. However, at this point, we do expect 2025 to see the bottom of the cycle. Whether or not we start to see some market recovery in late 2025 or if that will come later is unknown at this point. There are a lot of factors that we will be monitoring such as soft commodity prices, age of the fleet, speed of dealer destocking of new and used equipment and particularly how the South American market evolves as it was the first region to turn down. At a higher level, we'll also be watching for geopolitical developments, including in Ukraine, and in the Middle East for global policy shifts around decarbonization efforts, especially in relation to renewable fuels. And for now, the new U.S. administration under President Trump will impact farm and trade policies. We have obviously not cut back on R&D programs despite the market downturn and will continue to fully fund crucial investments in iron and in tech as we move into next year. But we will invest in R&D more efficiently, leveraging our fully staffed India Tech Center and other centers of expertise in the CNH world. We have executed well on our cost reduction programs, and this does not stop at the end of 2024. You have heard me talk relentlessly about quality and how important it is for our reputation sales, pricing power and cost. And you'll keep hearing that for me from now on. And in addition to our strategic sourcing work, I mentioned earlier that we'll be taking a closer look at our manufacturing footprint and our options for some realignment. For example, yesterday, we informed our employees that our construction plant in Burlington, Iowa of our intention to permanently close the plant and to relocate the work to other CNH facilities in the U.S. and Europe. This is part of our ongoing global initiative to streamline operations, minimize costs and bolster competitiveness in a changing and more challenging market environment. We'll talk more about our strategic initiatives in detail next year at our Investor Day in New York on May 8 and the Tech Day around the Agritechnica show in Germany in November. This concludes our prepared remarks, and we will now open the line for questions.

[Operator Instructions] We will take our first question from the line of Kyle Menges with Citigroup.

I was hoping if you could just elaborate a bit on the plan to underproduce retail more so in first half of 2025. And is that really just an AG comment? Or should we expect that in construction as well? And just if you could unpack just how you're thinking about underproducing retail by geography in the first half of '25, that would also be helpful.

Yes. Thank you for the question. Look, when we take a look at in agriculture, let's say, a tractors, for example, we expect to underproduce retail in the fourth quarter by probably about 30% to 40% in the fourth quarter alone. And then given the season coming, we'll hold and make sure that we have fresh machines in the dealers for the season to come. And that is looking for -- when you look at combines, by the way, in the fourth quarter, we are also slightly underproducing retail. However, there, the season usually starts a little earlier. So we have in tractors and combines probably more aligned view in the first quarter, and then we continue to underproduce retail in Q2 and look at basically having that matched again in the second half. So we are following the season here, making sure that our network partners have the products they need. On construction, we continue to destock also here our retail channels, and that means we will, on average, underproduce retail here as well.

And so in construction, we should expect also underproducing retail demand in the first half of 2025?

Yes.

Our next question comes from the line of Daniela Costa with Goldman Sachs.

Two questions. One is actually just a follow-up on what we -- the question just before, just to make sure. So you expect to match production in retail in by the second half. But in dealer inventories, you said are only 1.5 months to elevated. Is that because you do think that the weakness in '25 is going to be sort of to the magnitude on demand that we had this year? Or sort of what's the implied assumption there?

Look, Daniela, the implied assumption is retail, when you break it down to the very product, the demand has to be met with a certain product. And the demand we have obviously now products in our retail network. And that speaks to my commentary before that we have put some extra sell-out commercial campaigning around those products. Where we need to have an extra push to get them off the yard. And what we produce fresh is obviously completely in line with the demand that we see in the market to come. So when we talk about 1.5 months too high, that is a financial number. But when you double click on what is the retail underneath, which tractor combinations, which configurations, et cetera, that is a more complex -- that's a complex, more complex riddle. And hence, that's why we operate our industrial machine by matching retail demand as we're entering next year, and then we underproduce again in order to have a good balance of selling out the fresh inventory that we add as well as keep selling off the inventory that we have carried over to next year. So it's a mix of the two. So inventory in the end breaks down into very specific products that need a very specific customer demand. So it's a matching task that takes a couple of quarters.

And how should we think about pricing going forward in the back of the demand backdrop in pricing now having turned slightly negative?

Yes. And I'd like Oddone as well feedback into -- feedback on the question, but we have taken certain specific focused pricing actions on certain subsets of our inventory that has proven to sit a little heavier there. So that is what is -- what happened in the quarter, while as we move forward, we do expect, and we absolutely plan to keep pricing as we go into next year as we manage production instead of pricing, as I mentioned a couple of times before.

Yes. Daniela, as we have, I think in the prepared remarks, Latin America and Europe is where we saw some softening in pricing in the third quarter, but we confirm that we see positive pricing for the year. And so -- and clearly, the actions that we're taking on production or what Gerrit was explaining, are directed at preserving our pricing power.

Our next question comes from the line of Steven Fisher with UBS.

Just from a decremental and general margin perspective, in AG, seems like we're doing in the neighborhood of about 30%. As to what extent should we expect better than that in the first half of '25, given some additional cost savings? I guess part of what I'm asking is that it looks like we're now going to be down to single-digit implied EBIT margins in Q4 in AG. Is that kind of what we should assume for the first part of '25 as well?

It's early to talk about 2025, as you know. But clearly, our costs have been reducing during the year. So when we compare quarter-over-quarter in the second -- the first couple of quarters, we may be more favorable, but let's see when we talk about the year. That will be probably in January.

Okay. And then you mentioned considering simplifying your footprint and you gave one example in the construction business. I guess as you think more about those opportunities, would that represent new and incremental cost savings efforts that would be on top of what you've articulated and quantified so far?

Yes. That's what it means. And over and beyond the immediate savings from those activities, it is a way to simplify the overall structure processes and flows of components and goods. And it is a great way to ease when launching and when relaunching products for the world in fewer plants than in too many. So therefore, yes, it's definitely an adding. It hasn't been in the plan before. And these are things we're going to work through, and we'll let you know at the right point in time.

Our next question comes from the line of Jamie Cook with Truist Securities.

Just back to the manufacturing footprint discussion and the ability to hold decremental margins at a better level than history? Are some of these manufacturing footprint considerations? Could that help 2025? Or do you sort of, Gerrit, is later on? And then I guess...

Sorry, please continue.

And then I was just going to say besides the COGS and the SG&A savings? Is there anything else that you could point to that would allow CNH decrementals in 2025 to what looks to be a down year? And then Oddone, on the free cash flow, that you put out there, you talked about like the different buckets under the weaker demand, the dealer pools or incentives and stuff like that. Can you just put in buckets. I mean the -- how much is related to each one of those -- sorry, free cash flow cut like put it in buckets that we can bridge it?

Let me take the first 2 questions. Well, on the manufacturing footprint, the announcement we just made, I referred to and also other work we are considering, none of that will impact 2025. These are things that in itself needs quite some time to analyze and get properly set up. On the other side, we obviously are very carefully monitoring and watching the implications from the U.S. elections and what it means in terms of tariffs and with those tariffs, depending on from where goods are shipped and what tariff supply, what kind of levels of, let's say, reshoring, nearshoring or other activities will be will be needed in order to better manage in with the new framework conditions. So there is analysis required, and it will take a while to get these things into place, also factoring in the new framework conditions that will be in and around the United States. And obviously also when being executed, it takes a while until these effects take place. For 2025, other ways or items we are diligently working on to further improve the underlying run rate cost base that we carry over from 2024. You heard me say that we had about $100 million costs related to quality, spend in -- it's actually more than $100 million in 2024 in order to address certain challenges for some products that were in the field, and we absolutely went relentlessly after those and remediate those issues over the next couple of months. And I do not expect that to repeat next year. We will work further on upgrading our processes to be more robust and more consistent in quality delivery, yet these one-offs that we had this year I do not expect to repeat next year. Oddone, on the...

Yes. So as I mentioned, the change in the free cash flow compared to the numbers we were discussing back in July is directly linked with the reduction in sales and the reduction in production that we decided to take right after the summer break, I would say, when we realized that the orders were lower and that the pace of retail wasn't getting at the level we wanted to have. Clearly, that brings a reduction in the operating performance. but also brings impacts on our working capital rebalancing and also something on the payout of reserves [indiscernible], which the later being a positive to the cash flow. So that's a combination of this factor, I would say half of it comes from the basic operating performance and rest from the working capital.

Your next question comes from the line of Mig Dobre with Baird.

If we can go back to the pricing discussion in AG, it sounds like the pressure is really in Europe and Latin America. Maybe you can expand on that a little bit. You also seem to expect this to get better in the fourth quarter. So I'm trying to make sense of that a little bit. Is this a function of North America, maybe providing some kind of a buffer? Is there something else going on here? And how do you expect pricing to evolve into 2025 given the fact that the environment is still pretty weak and you're still dealing with destock?

Look, the -- let's start with Latin America and Europe. Latin America we knew from the beginning of the year that the situation became very competitive because of just of the amount of inventory that every player left on the field when -- I mean, on the channel, let's say, when the market started turning down and the turndown of demand was quite rapid, and I would say, now prolonged compared to what everyone would have expected. You remember that we're active on our own inventory very early. But that doesn't mean that on a competitive market, if there's overall more inventory, you have -- you sort of have to compete, and that's our response to that. Europe is, I would say, much more linked to individual actions that we have been taking for supporting retail sales of units that were already in dealer inventory. Of course, as you know, as the pricing works, what we do is we accrue high reserves on the new wholesales and this is what has affected the Q3 results. All in all, it wasn't a large reduction in pricing in Q3, and we expect Q4 to be slightly positive and the year to remain positive. As for next year, I would start commenting next year, but we don't expect a decrease in pricing.

Understood. My follow-up is on EMEA. I'm curious as to what you're hearing from your dealers in that region? Obviously, the business is down quite a bit this year. Do you get the sense that we could be seeing sort of a smaller cycle in EMEA that we're seeing in North America and LATAM? Or is there a hope that, that market can stabilize before the other 2?

Well, look, EMEA, I mean, it really depends when you talk to which dealers subset in which market, for example, if you talk to certain dealers in Germany, France so they will tell you it's not too bad. It's not great, but it's not too bad. And other markets obviously heavier impact. So therefore, the European territory itself it's quite diverse. The big unknown for Europe itself is when and how the war in Ukraine or the conflict around Ukraine is coming to a standstill in a form of a frozen conflict or peace in whatever shape and form that would determine when and how Ukraine would turn back to its prior crisis production levels of agricultural products. And how will Europe then deal with those crops and those commodities coming across the border and how -- and if those commodities will be in competition with the products from Western European farmers. So there is this one event that we don't know when it will happen. But I think what is -- it is going to have a pretty impact on the European environment for our farmers is what is going to happen in Ukraine when it happens and how it will impact the commodity prices because it was a 15% or so relevant player in the global commodity markets. So I think that is determining about when and how the cycle will turn on that end. And we have been traditionally also very, very strong in the reconstruction of Ukraine. And I think when the conflict is coming to a standstill there or when things turn to a better side, we feel very well positioned to benefit from that country in itself as well.

Our next question comes from the line of Kristen Owen with Oppenheimer.

Forgive me here, maybe I'm a little rusty after a long week, but I'm still trying to piece together the pricing outlook. And I appreciate some of the competitive dynamics that you called out, Oddone. But is there some kind of mix effect or something that makes -- that enables you to reaccelerate your price in 4Q? Is it just that the comps are easier? Just help me bridge 3Q to 4Q, why we should expect that, that would turn back positive?

I will say, yes, there's definitely a mix effect in there, but there's also an effect that some of these actions were target and specific and we don't plan to repeat all of them.

Kristen, so maybe I'll give you a bit more color on this. The inventory that take Europe, the inventory that we have in Europe, that is, let's say, 9 months old or older, these are machines that were produced at a time in considerations that are not exactly matching -- I mean, not all the inventory place there, but there are subsets and pockets in there that are not exactly matching the demand that we see right now in the market. So these are subsets and pockets in the inventory where we allocate more commercial action and more commercial focus on in order to clear that stock. So that is what we are not going to repeat in Q4. That was an effort we had in Q3.

Okay. That's incredibly helpful that additional color. So then I do want to ask about FinCo, the impact of used pricing, how that's influencing how you're thinking about underwriting loans, providing maybe some financial incentives? We didn't talk much about FinCo on this call. So just a brief update there would be very helpful.

Well, look 2 things, one FinCo plays a role and the financing of equipment to new customers. I mean to customers and definitely FinCo plays a role in financing used equipment sold by our dealers to end customers and with pool funds that accrued when we sell new equipment. The dealers are able to access subsidized financing from the FinCo for the capital organization to provide subsidized financing to their customers that buy used units. So definitely FinCo is a part of the play of supporting the sales from our dealers, the retail sales. And obviously, business subsidized by the industrial operation is part of the pricing and it's either directly or through the pool funds I was mentioning before. . We don't see -- if the question was about the used equipment in relation with -- sorry, the used price in relation with the used equipment we don't see anything that is comparable to what happened in 2015 and '16 where, as you know, all the captive companies found themselves with a lot of lease equipment coming back pretty young and prices that weren't competitive anymore. That's not happening. And so -- and that's not happening just because the way we all build -- rebuild our leasing portfolios in the last few years were not the way we build them back at the last peak of the cycle. So we are not doing short term -- we have not been doing short-term business, and we have been very prudent, I would say, in the underwriting and the determination of the resale values.

Your next question comes from the line of Tami Zakaria with JPMorgan.

Okay. So one question for clarification. I think you said inventory now is 1 to 1.5 months more than your desired level. So after the underproduction in the fourth quarter, where do you see that going at the end of this year from that 1 to 1.5 months? And whatever excess inventory is remaining, do you plan to underproduce on a pro-rated basis in 2Q and 1Q and 2Q to bring it down? Or could it be heavier in 1Q and then whatever is remaining, you do that in 2Q?

Yes. Tami, well, look, where we're going to land this year, we have obviously a target here and that would get us below 1.5 months or $1.5 billion. It depends on the market that we see ahead, right? And that depends on how effective we will be in the fourth quarter to sell it out. So it will not be -- certainly not less than $1 billion that we will carry over into next year. And how we're going to steer and manage the quarters ahead is really -- we are running here with the visibility of, give or take, 6 months. And with that visibility, we will proactively adjust production capacity in steer accordingly. What we have started to do, obviously, and I did that a couple of weeks ago as well myself with the -- basically all the German dealers going through for Europe in this case, going through what they see to come and how they see the market and what orders they have insight. And I think we are sinking ourselves synchronizing ourselves, I wanted to say, with them more closely in order to steer it what we produce and what they're going to retail. So we basically manage here with the 6 months visibility ahead, and that will allow us to underproduce retail, as I said, on average, in the first half for sure, while always keeping an eye on the season and having sufficient fresh and matched and wanted machines available for our farmers and builders.

Got it. Got it. That is very helpful. My second question is on R&D. I think it stepped up as a percentage of sales in the third quarter. So as you think about the next couple of years, I think you mentioned your in-house product innovation is progressing well. The pipeline has been strong, and you want to continue to in-source all of -- most of it. So should we expect R&D dollar spend to stay at these levels over the next couple of years even if in a weaker demand environment?

Yes, you can expect that quantum of spend to stay on that level. We will get more work out of the quantum that we plan to spend as -- from my comments that we are going to work on our footprint as well. That is one commentary. And you might wonder, why haven't you done that before? Why do you come now with this? I think the new organizational structure that we have built enables this now before let's say, the different pieces, call it the India Tech Center or, let's say, our digital team and then our product development team they were sitting in different places. And now this is all under one aligned lead under Jay Schroeder, our Chief Technology Officer, who is going to obviously synchronize and synergize among those very, very capable colleagues and that means we will get out of the same spend, probably more work, not probably, but very likely more work over the years to come.

Your next question comes from the line of Mike Shlisky with D.A. Davidson.

I want to follow-up on the R&D comments and the last question there. I was a bit surprised to see that there was a tailwind in both segments in the quarter. I know you mentioned there was some efficiency there. I'm curious if you could just mention the product launch cadence for 2025, has that changed at all in an environment where pricing is tougher to come by and at the right timing to be putting out newer and higher priced products? Just any thoughts as to the cadence that may be changing here?

Well, look, that's a very good question. And look, the product launch, when I look at the most relevant product launches, the one that started first was the long-wheel base, our new heavy tractor -- the medium tractor long-wheel base, that was launched and it's in the rollout, and it's coming to a full swing. We are in the late innings of getting the new generation combines to our customers. We obviously started production, but we have -- now small lotted production here that we validate like hell around the world and every farm we work the equipment really, really hard, whether it's in Australia, New Zealand, whether it's in obviously, in the United States and South America, and we collect the learnings from those field actions. And I think our combines have left many market participants speechless in terms of performance and capability to deliver a great yield for our farmers. And as we want to get that really, really right, we will look at the market, how it will develop over 2024 -- 5, sorry, 2025, and we will pace production with that in order to maintain pricing and the target pricing for those for those very big and very relevant machines, namely the combines. And we have other launches to come. I mean we are planning to launch and we are going, not only planning. We are going to launch our new short-wheel base lineup in somewhere around the Agritechnica at the second half of November this year. And that's another very, very relevant launch, and we invest quite a bit of the R&D dollars that you can see also the quality validation team dollars here in getting these machines right for the launch. So 2025 is a very, very relevant year for us, we're launching. And if there's something good about a market that is slow is when you launch a product, you don't want to launch a product into a high-volume market when the market is high. Because if that happens, you need to go very quickly, very fast to high volumes and that might stress a little your supply base that might stress a little bit your industrial machine too much. And again, I don't like cycle downturns, but if there's something good about it. It's the right time to launch products, very thoughtfully and very carefully as a coordinated effort across the entire company.

Got it. I also want to ask about some of your comments around product quality. You mentioned it many times here during the call here, and you've been out to fix, it sounds like a lot of products that may have had some issues. Can you comment whether you have lost share this year because of it or any plan or your thoughts about your market share next year? And any extra work that has to be done to kind of regained farmer trust. Are the issues of quality that serious that you've had to pass things over with like folks or make some changes?

Well, we actually have gained share in the segments where we're focused on and where we're very thoughtful about getting back in or even further strengthening our anyway, quite strong position. So now, we have gained market shares in those segments. And look, the quality that I was talking about was related to certain launch quality and certain field quality that we want to get cleared and remediated prior to bringing the new generation into the field on the tractor side. . We have very good combine quality. So there is never -- it was never an issue with us. It is really about the tractors. And here, the launch of the new long-wheel and the short-wheel base will entirely renew our midrange tractors in Europe and for the world. And with that, we are pretty well positioned to compete on a very different level from next year on or let's say, from 2026 on. And those need to be launched on the ground of proper quality and proper processes. That's why I've been mentioning that. And on the market share side, we have actually gained this year.

Our final question comes from the line of David Raso with Evercore ISI.

A quick question on the operating leases you have on the FinCo. Can you help us with where are the current carrying values than the resids on the operating leases versus market prices?

David, Oddone here. We are fine with that. I don't have a report in front of me, but we have been realizing the values of the units that have been coming back without any issue.

So the leases is coming off of late. They're not causing any losses on those trades.

No. I'm not saying that it won't happen, right? It happened in the past, and I'm not saying that it won't happen in the future. But from what I see now from what we see now, there's no significant iteration. Of course, I mean...

The balance has been coming up, but obviously, you just get nervous some lease resids we said a couple of years ago show up next year and we're under order. That's what I'm just trying to think of the starting point for '25. But at least from what you understand right now, they're not coming off the lease levels that the resale is a loss.

No, no.

Okay. And then real quick on the production costs for next year. I know the pricing is down, but some of the production costs came in a little more favorable than I was modeling. Can you give us any insight on early contract deal, you name the input to how to think about production costs for '25?

We're looking at it. We -- but I wouldn't say that we have any -- I mean the usual prudence from the purchasing organization when we set up the budget which we are reviewing. And from the last review, we had say there's nothing significant.

Yes. Look, there's also -- I mean, it's fair to add, we have made great improvements on production costs in the United States. North America, you remember we had this protracted strike in Racine, we had to get efficiency back into our sprayer plants in Benson, particularly, and we had to get our operational efficiency back on track. We had a couple of plant leader changes also in North America and that has paid back really well. And we have with the leadership team centered in the U.S. with our manufacturing head Carlos or the quality Chun that we have, the ones who go after these areas of quality and manufacturing costs quite diligently. So that is going to continue, and that has been a great addition, particularly from the U.S. team across their plants, and we will grind through also the other regions to see them operating at a lower overall production cost level also next year, even at lower volumes because you do not meet necessarily higher volumes in order to get product efficiency. You can also do the things better with lower production volumes. And that is something that we would expect to see also in the next year.

And lastly, I know the call has been going long, sorry. The decision on Burlington, I mean just given the back of, sort of, what the construction business was built on over the decades. I know it's not the same product category it was. To close that facility, and maybe I missed a comment earlier, how does that relate to your overall -- and we've sort of discussed this already in the past about strategic decisions around that business now as the CEO?

Look, the...

Is there a bigger factory than just cost savings, what I'm driving at.

Well, look, we are further improving the business. It's part of our structure. There is a need for action. That decision has been very thoroughly prepared by the construction team for quite a while. And Burlington today produces rough terrain forklift trucks as well as [ tier Bs ]. And as I said, we are going to relocate the -- just as an assembly plant. We're going to relocate those to existing CNH plants in the U.S. and Europe. And that these -- this move is similar to other moves the construction team has done. And it is benefiting the business, and it is the right thing to do. So we do it just because there are considerations around strengthening the business further down the line, possibly with a partner doesn't mean that we stop thinking and stop acting.

That concludes today's conference call. You may now disconnect.