Dyadic International, Inc. (DYAI) Earnings Call Transcript & Summary

Good evening, and welcome to Dyadic International's Third Quarter Fiscal 2022 Financial Results Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] As a reminder, this conference is being recorded today, November 10, 2022. I'd now like to turn the call over to Ms. Ping Rawson, Dyadic's Chief Financial Officer. Please go ahead, ma'am.

Thank you. Good evening, and welcome, everyone, to Dyadic International's Third Quarter Fiscal 2022 Conference Call. I hope you have had the opportunity to review Dyadic's press release announcing financial results for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, and the recent company highlights. You may access our press release and Form 10-Q under the Investors section of the company's website, at dyadic.com. On today's call, our President and CEO, Mark Emalfarb, will give a review of our third quarter 2022 business and corporate highlights, including a brief summary of our research and business development efforts. Our Chief Business Officer, Joe Hazelton, will join Mark for the business updates. I will follow with a review of our financial results in more detail. We will then hold a brief Q&A session. At this time, I would like to inform you that certain commentary made in this conference call may be considered forward-looking statements, which involve risks and uncertainties and other factors that could cause Dyadic's actual results, performance, scientific or otherwise, or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Dyadic expressly disclaims any duty to provide updates to its forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Participants are directed to the risk factors set forth in Dyadic's reports filed with the SEC. It is now my pleasure to pass the call to our CEO, Mark Emalfarb. Mark?

Thank you, Ping. Hello, everyone, and thank you for joining Dyadic's third quarter update call. As you will hear on today's call, we are continuing to advance our scientific developments and there is much to be excited about at Dyadic. In Q2, we discussed the company's focus on our core business and achieving commercial agreements in each of its 3 core verticals: human health, animal health and alternative proteins. Today, I would like to discuss the progress we have made in expanding opportunities in these areas and how we believe that the progress will accelerate the future potential for Dyadic. As I stated in our Q2 call, the commitment it takes to build a protein production platform to support life sciences, manufacturing demands, persistence, focus and the determination to see the process through, it also takes an unwavering belief that the potential monetary and societal impact outweigh the significant investment of not just capital but unyielding dedication to scientific advancement. At Dyadic, our mission is to help make proteins for world health. Our foundation continues to be our science, coupled with our highly efficient microbial platforms and commitments to the advancement of that science to create revenue, profits and long-term shareholder value, and at the same time, helping to increase access to biologic vaccines and drugs across the globe. To help Dyadic achieve this mission, I want to thank the many scientists we continue to work with in academia, industry and government, our collaborators, shareholders and Board members for their support during this crucial journey. As you will hear today, we have achieved some significant milestones since the second quarter and are even closer to several transformational milestones in life sciences as we close in on our demonstrating and producing proteins using our C1 technology are safe for use in humans. In addition, we continually strive to improve productivity, quality and performance of C1 produced proteins. These efforts have led to several scientific breakthroughs this quarter, including increased protein expression levels to the application of our new genetic approaches in engineering C1 cells, the rapid advancements and our scientists coming at a time, we are achieving significant development milestones, which we expect to lead to our ability to open additional opportunities within our core verticals and capitalize on existing and new revenues for Dyadic and our collaborators. First, I would like to focus on the significant achievements we have achieved in human health. I'm proud to announce that Dyadic has received regulatory approval from the South African Health Products Regulatory Authority, SAHPRA, to initiate a Phase I clinical trial to demonstrate clinical safety and antibody response in humans for our DYAI-100 COVID-19 recombinant protein, RBD booster vaccine candidate. This is an important step towards establishing C1 as a safe and transformative option as a more efficient protein production platform for the development and manufacture of a growing number of biopharmaceuticals for infectious and other diseases. Our Chief Business Officer, Joe Hazelton, has been overseeing our efforts regarding the submission. I will now turn the call over to Joe to discuss the timing and relevant aspects of this important Clinical Trial Application, CTA, for Dyadic.

Thank you, Mark. The primary purpose of the Phase I study is to evaluate the safety of the new drug candidate before it proceeds to further clinical studies. Using the C1 platform to produce biopharmaceuticals, we are starting the biomanufacturing process which we, and a growing number of scientists, believe is an extremely safe microorganism. In 2009, Dyadic C1 cells were used to produce an enzyme that received Generally Recognized as Safe, or GRAS, status from the U.S. FDA, which means safe for use as an additive in food and feed for animals and humans. In addition, Dyadic has generated significant preclinical safety data across several animal species regarding the C1 platform. But unlike E. coli, which is Chinese Hamster Ovary cells and insect-baculovirus cells, the C1 cells themselves are free of viruses and endotoxin that must be removed during the downstream processing impacting productivity, cost of purification and delaying product release. Data from vaccines produced serum proteins have repeatedly demonstrated safety and efficacy in a range of infectious diseases in animal trials with cattle, lands, chicken, rabbits, hamsters and mice, again, demonstrating the preliminary safety of proteins produced from the C1 protein production system. Specifically, with our DYAI-100 vaccine candidate, we have demonstrated safety in multiple mice studies and most importantly, in our successful rabbit toxicology study, which showed safety and persistence of antibodies, which were generated from our C1-based DYAI-100 COVID-19 booster vaccine candidate. You may have also seen in today's press release, new data presented at the World Vaccine Congress in Europe by Dr. Albert Osterhaus. He's with the University of Veterinary Medicine in Hannover, Germany, who has been collaborating with Dyadic for over 5 years. Dr. Osterhaus presented preclinical safety and efficacy data from animal studies, including cancers and nonhuman primates, demonstrating C1 produced antigens and antibodies are as effective as those produced by common cell lines used for biologic vaccine and drug production platforms like CHO cells. Mark will speak to this in greater detail a bit later. But in summary, the data supporting the overall safety profile of C1 cells as well as their ability to produce proteins that prevent and/or treat disease equivalent to, if not better, than the most commonly used cell lines in production today. You will also hear Mark speak about C1 continues to demonstrate higher productivity and efficiency, potentially increasing global access and lowering overall manufacturing costs. Dr. Osterhaus's video presentation can be found on Dyadic's website under our Media Center and the Video Gallery, which brings me to the regulatory approval of our clinical trial application. In addition to establishing a track record of safety in humans for antigens produced from our C1 cells, the Phase I trial will be a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the safety, reactogenicity, which is responsive to vaccination, and immunogenicity, which is the immune response of the DYAI-100 COVID-19 recombinant protein RBD booster vaccine in 30 healthy adults in South Africa. Trial preparations are actively underway with site initiation expected later this year. There are 8 scheduled patient visits over a 6-month period with safety data being collected throughout the trial and immunogenicity assessments are scheduled on 6 of the 8 visits. Timing for the results will depend on many factors, including enrollment, and we will share additional data as it becomes available. A successful outcome to the Phase I trial for DYAI-100 would bring a new weapon against COVID-19 closer to approval and provide additional safety validation for us and our collaborators, reducing developmental risk for other vaccines for infectious disease and other diseases. In addition, progress continues to be made by Epygen Biotech, one of Dyadic's nonexclusive licensees to advance development, manufacture and conduct Phase I and II clinical trials using Dyadic's C1 protein production platform for their COVID-19 vaccine candidate produced from C1 cells. Our C1 protein expression platform is capable of unparalleled scale and productivity in terms of antigen production. And the proteins produced from our C1 platform continued to demonstrate comparable safety and efficacy to antigens produced from traditional cell lines used in animal studies. We expect that the Phase I clinical trial in South Africa and later Phase I trial in India with Epygen will be a pivotal point in the many ongoing discussions we're having with top-tier pharma, biotech and government agencies globally. We have also presented data that demonstrated that our innovative approaches and designs to C1 produce proteins that generated higher neutralizing antibody activity in preclinical animal studies with the potential to improve vaccines for influenza, COVID-19 and other disease. An example is our successful production of Wuhan and Omicron's ferritin RBD nano particle antigens, which may have application as a next-generation pan-coronavirus vaccine candidate. Similarly, last quarter, we discussed how our efforts in expressing the neuraminidase antigen, which has broad potential use in the development of better seasonal and pandemic flu vaccines, has historically been difficult to produce reliably at high yields without the right biological activities. The addition of neuraminidase standard flu vaccines can enhance the immune response to provide even greater protection to patients. Our current expression level of 800 milligrams per liter in 168 hours has generated interest with academia, government agencies and large pharmaceutical and biotech companies within the human vaccine industry. Our high-level expression of ferritin gRBD nanoparticle antigens and C1 cells for use in developing potentially better performing COVID vaccines, the potential for neuraminidase in combination with previously expressed hemagglutinin or HA, which has the potential to play an important role in providing broader influenza vaccine abuse protection and the safety data we expect to generate from upcoming DYAI-100 Phase I trial are just a few examples of the many opportunities we believe will accelerate the adoption of the C1 platform. Mark will now discuss our progress in life sciences. Mark?

Thank you, Joe. As Joe mentioned in today's press release, we highlighted several areas of scientific and regulatory advancement. When we undertake a project, it is with a specific objective to either further the scientific advancement or enhance the breadth and scope of where we and our collaborators may be able to apply the technology is being developed, such as our C1 protein production platform. These projects and collaborations helps to validate the application of C1 as a differentiated biomanufacturing platform for the prevention and treatment of infectious and other diseases, such as rabies, oncology, arthritis and diabetes. For example, data presented recently by Dr. Albert Osterhaus from the University of Veterinary Medicine in Hannover for C1 produced COVID-19 monoclonal antibody, MAB, in a challenge study with SARS-CoV-2 Delta virus on nonhuman primates. This demonstrated potential high protection and preventative FX. He also presented preclinical safety and efficacy data from animal studies, including hamsters and nonhuman primates, demonstrating C1 producing antigens and antibodies are as effective as those produced by reference platforms like CHO cell. To further accelerate the adoption of our platform for the prevention and treatment of infectious and other diseases, research and development is ongoing with various collaborators in key therapeutic areas with the strength of our experience and our technologies coincide. In addition to the successful high-level expressing a ferritin gRBD nanoparticle antigens from C1 cells for use in pan-coronavirus applications, we also have collaborators who are conducting animal trials on mono- and multi-valent RBD-based blended COVID-19 vaccines for potential next-generation pan-coronavirus vaccine candidates and may provide broader protection and longer lasting prevention against a wide variety of coronaviruses and what is currently available on the market. Beyond our continuing work in COVID vaccines, we believe that our neuraminidase and Hemagglutinin influenza antigens will anchor and further support our business development opportunities in infectious disease. In collaboration with Oslo university, we have additional animal trials that are ongoing with C1 produced HA and COVID-19 antigens for potential more effective influenza and/or combined influenza coronavirus vaccine. There are other preclinical animal studies that are also ongoing, including C1 produced antigens being evaluated for intranasal and oral applications. Now just a few words on the key life science growth market and therapeutic proteins. Therapeutic protein drugs as a market was valuated at over $280 billion in 2020 and is estimated to reach over $560 billion by 2030. These drugs have already shown to have the potential to significantly improve human health, and is used to treat a variety of diseases such as cancer, immunological, hormonal, genetic, infectious diseases and others. Global demand for therapeutic proteins is growing at unprecedented levels, due to the rising prevalence and diagnosis of chronic and infectious diseases, and that demand has been further accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic and rising concerns for twin or even triple concurrent pandemics with other infection diseases such as influenza. As we saw with COVID, the supply of therapeutic proteins during heightened demand was hampered due to the high cost and timelines required for developing and manufacturing protein-based therapeutics like monoclonal antibodies. Beyond cost and timing, there is also a clear need for a more productive manufacturing platforms that will be able to meet this growing demand in the time frame needed by patients all over the world. As Joe discussed, our progress on vaccines combined with the various preclinical animal models test in impending Phase I trial and we expect allow us to demonstrate the big pharma biotech company, government and academia globally, safety profile for recombinant antigens produced using our C1 platform for the commercial production of recombinant vaccines and antibodies. We are now generating data to support our science regarding the therapeutic proteins. While we're excited about the rapid advancements in our technologies to improve the productivity for our therapeutic proteins, we're equally focused on the quality aspects of our monoclonal antibodies. In the second quarter, we announced the dosing it completed for a fully funded nonhuman primate study of a C1 produced COVID-19 monoclonal antibody. This monoclonal antibody, 87G7, which is developed by the EU ZAPI scientist already demonstrated broad neutralization and protection against Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 and all other earlier variants of concern in hamsters. In today's release, we highlighted Dr. Osterhaus's recent presentation at the World Vaccine Congress Europe in Barcelona, where he presented some preliminary results from the nonhuman primate challenge study with the SARS-CoV-2 delta virus that demonstrated protection equally as important as that the C1 produced COVID-19 monoclonal antibody was as effective as a comparator antibody produced in the mammalian cells reference platform. The importance of this data is that we're obtaining safety and efficacy of C1 produced therapeutic protein in a nonhuman primate study that demonstrates C1 produced proteins are safe and just as effective as those produced in today's commonly used platforms. This provides further validation of the C1 platform beyond high productivity and efficiency. This is a fully-funded initiative with one of our third-party collaborators and this nonhuman primary study is anticipated to lead to a funded GLP toxicology study and potentially CGMP manufacturing of drug substance in a Phase I clinical trial, this time demonstrating safety for therapeutic protein of the C1 manufacturing cell. Establishing safety and efficacy to these Phase I trials for vaccines and potentially monoclonal antibodies is a key gating item for big pharma, biotech and government agencies, and we expect this to accelerate the use of our C1 platform to produce safe and effective vaccines and therapeutic proteins. While we still have work to do, the interest we are generating in therapeutic proteins and the knowledge we are gaining as well as our collaborators are gaining such knowledge, our rapidly expanding interest, not only in nivolumab, but also many areas which our C1 platform be applied for rapid development and production of large quantities of antibodies across large and midsize pharmaceutical companies in both human and animal health. Our collaboration with Janssen to develop C1 cell lines to produce targeted therapeutic protein candidates demonstrates our ability to attract the attention of large pharmaceutical partners. Progress is ongoing and on time, and we anticipate it will lead to development milestones and eventually commercial revenues generated from one or more of the chance in targeted proteins. With regard to animal health and the expanding opportunity for business development that exists within this core vertical, we are leveraging our scientific innovation and new designs in animal health to enhance the potential for monetization with this core vertical. You may have noted in today's press release that we've successfully expressed a recombinant livestock antigen at targets up to 10 grams per liter in 7 days, which is significantly higher than it has traditionally been produced with the reference platforms. Joe will provide more color on Dyadic's efforts in this market.

Thank you, Mark. As you noted, we are leveraging our science in core verticals, and there are many similarities in the human and animal health markets for vaccine and therapeutic protein, which makes the animal health an attractive segment for Dyadic. The global animal health vaccines market is an estimated $15 billion market, with livestock vaccines making up just over $8 billion. It will be just the productivity levels that have the potential to increase production and lower costs in a very margin-sensitive segment of the animal vaccine market, and we're just beginning to penetrate this segment. These scientific advancements are driving further development of our expanded research projects in animal health for the development of animal vaccines for livestock, a new proof of concept project for a top animal health company for the treatment of a targeted companion animal disease, and the initiation of 2 additional recombinant protein projects to support vaccine research and development. As in the human health market, the increase in the prevalence and diagnosis of chronic and infectious disease has significantly driven demand for therapeutic proteins within the animal health sector, specifically companion animals. The global companion animal monoclonal antibodies market was over $680 million and growing in 2021, and we are currently in discussions with several of the partners in therapeutic proteins for livestock and companion animals. Our focus is gaining the acceptance of C1 protein platform, which we believe can serve as an accelerator to drug and vaccine development and commercialization by shortening the time from preclinical to phase trials, increasing productivity and improving cost efficiencies within Animal Health. Mark, back to you.

Thank you, Joe. Alternative proteins, this core vertical is home to our nutrition and wellness initiatives and partnerships. Driven by our fully funded joint development agreement with a global food ingredients collaborator. Dyadic is dedicating resources and support for existing projects within this rapidly growing market. Dyadic has launched its Dapibus platform. It's a filamented fungal-based microbial gene expression and protein production platform, which is further designed and customized to enable the rapid development and large-scale manufacturer of low-cost enzymes, proteins, metabolites and other biological products for use in non-pharmaceutical applications within our alternative protein core vertical. Alternative protein is another core vertical where we are able to leverage the advancement, innovation and advantages of the Dyadic technologies across a broad and growing market opportunity. As with vaccines and biologics, there is a clear market opportunity in need for alternative proteins in both human and animal health and nutritional segments. The animal alternative protein market that includes livestock and companion animals is a $9 billion market and growing. The human alternative market is a $7 billion market, currently driven by plant-based proteins and now further being accelerated by the introduction of cultured or lab-grown meats. It is still a smaller scale, and yet over $1 billion was invested in this market in 2021. There's a common shared need across a diverse alternative protein segment for the rapid production of high-quality yet affordable recombinant proteins and enzymes. To further accelerate our opportunity within this core vertical, I'm very excited that we have initiated an animal-free recombinant serum albumin and other projects to support the Dapibus platform to meet the growing demand and unmet needs of alternative protein in emerging markets such as cultured meat. These projects can also provide us with additional revenue generating opportunities as serum albumin and application and research and product development. This will be a key area for focus for Dyadic as we believe our Dapibus microbial cell line provides our partners the ability to meet scale and cost demand for recombinant proteins and enzymes within the respective alternative protein markets. In addition, we are actively seeking partnerships and collaborations for nonanimal food proteins, nutraceuticals and metabolites. Hopefully, what Joe and I have been able to share with you today is how Dyadic is working to expand and accelerate our monetizable opportunities across our core business segments to focusing our business development efforts on those business segments that are scientific advancements have the greatest ability to drive results. We are continuing to leverage the learnings of C1 and commercial scale industrial manufacturing to accelerate the development process. In parallel, we remain fiscally responsible in our R&D partnerships and collaborations to fund advancements of our science in critical areas. The result is that C1 is much further along in its life cycle development for life sciences and the industrial CHO cell line was within the same time frame and a fraction of the cost with equally high prospects for success. The result of our focus is being realized as Dyadic is gaining industry recognition globally to further develop the platform for human and animal health organizations. With that, I would like to turn the call over to our CFO, Ping Rawson, to run through our financials.

Thank you, Mark. In addition to the financial results I'll be discussing now, you can find additional information in our Form 10-Q, which we filed earlier today. Research and development revenue and the license revenue for the third quarter of 2022 increased to approximately $880,000 compared to $693,000 for the same period a year ago. Research and development revenue and license revenue for the 9 months ended September 30, 2022, increased to approximately $2,187,000 compared to $2,091,000 for the same period a year ago. Cost of research and development revenue for the third quarter increased to approximately $603,000 compared to $393,000 for the same period a year ago. Cost of research and development revenue for the 9 months ended September 30, 2022, decreased to approximately $1,419,000 compared to $1,613,000 for the same period a year ago. Research and development expenses for the third quarter decreased to approximately $744,000 compared to $1,902,000 for the same period a year ago. Research and development expenses for the 9 months ended September 30, 2022, decreased to approximately $3,917,000 compared to $5,919,000 for the same period a year ago. The decrease in research and development expenses was due to the winding down of activities of contract research organizations and pharmaceutical quality and regulatory consultants to manage and support the preclinical and clinical development as well as a decrease in CGMP manufacturing costs as the company moves towards its anticipated Phase I clinical trial of its DYAI-100 RBD COVID-19 booster vaccine candidate. G&A expenses for the third quarter decreased to approximately $1,383,000 compared to $1,693,000 for the same period a year ago. G&A expenses for the 9 months ended September 30, 2022, decreased to approximately $4,753,000 compared to $4,994,000 for the same period a year ago. Net loss for the third quarter was approximately $1,809,000 or $0.06 per share compared to $1,715,000 or $0.06 per share for the same period a year ago. Net loss for the 9 months ended September 30, 2022, was approximately $7,589,000 or $0.27 per share compared to $8,856,000 or $0.32 per share for the same period a year ago. Our cash, cash equivalents and the carrying value of investment grade securities as of September 30, 2022, including accrued interest were approximately USD 14.2 million compared to USD 20.4 million on December 31, 2021. Based on our current plans, the company's cash burn for 2022 will be much lower than the original estimated range of $10 million to $11 million that was announced in March this year. We reiterate our expectation that our existing cash, cash equivalents and investment grade securities will be sufficient to fund our Phase I clinical trials of DYAI-100 and our operating expenses into 2024. With that, I will now ask the operator to begin our Q&A session. [Operator Instructions]

[Operator Instructions] The first question comes from John Vandermosten from Zacks SCR.

Let me start out with a question on the scientific conferences that have recently happened. Mark, I think you attended several of those. When you're going to those, what are some of the trends that you've heard in the industry that might be favorable or maybe even unfavorable? And then also, does it give you a chance when you're there to talk with potential companies or individuals who might be interested in C1?

Yes. So to the second half of your question, which is the easiest one to answer, is obviously I've met with numerous big pharma scientists, business development people that are key to big pharma and getting doors open to further collaborations and license agreements. And I would say that the level of interest in C1 on the recombinant vaccine platform has been elevated to, I think, significant levels in many of the fronts between several of the top 10 pharmaceutical companies, including different divisions and companies that we work with like Janssen, who we're working with currently at the therapeutic side, but also the vaccine side have expressed extreme interest. I'm not going to get into more details for that because of confidentiality, but I can go on and on, at least 5 out of the top 10 pharmaceutical companies have had recent discussions at some of those conferences. In terms of the trends, it's crystal clear that the world has been in turmoil in terms of having access and affordability and health equity. Now whether that actually plays out in the real world over time, but I can tell you that people are starting to recognize and realize that there's a need outside of the West in the more foreign countries for not only vaccines but treatments, not just for COVID-19, but for cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, for diabetes, all kinds of other diseases. So I think quite frankly, these conferences are much more important to us for the long term in developing strategic relationships, scientific collaborations and putting us on higher and higher levels within these companies to getting deals done and going to investor conferences.

And that kind of leads me to my next question, which is kind of one of the areas that might be of interest to you. I think the NIH did some work on this monoclonal antibody that would treat malaria fairly successfully. I don't know if you've seen that or not. But is that something that you might pursue? I'm not sure of who owns the MAB. But I mean, it seems like with your relationships in Africa and just the prevalence of Malaria in Africa, that might be something that we'd be interested in. Does that sound like something similar to that or that, in particular, came up? Would you jump on that to try to see if you could work something out?

Well, we certainly would jump on it, the question is who's going to fund it? And so the issue here is, I've already reached out to that individual scientist. I think his name is Bob Seder from that paper you're talking about. But the RUBIC Consortium is not just interested in COVID-19. In fact, their main interest is in other varieties in terms of antibodies, vaccines for both animal and humans, including HIV and malaria as well as others and they're not alone.

[Operator Instructions] The next question comes from Luis [indiscernible] who is a private investor.

Mark, congratulations on a number of things: #1, getting your burn down and getting your revenues up, that's absolutely terrific. It gives you a much longer runway; congratulations on all the good scientific work you're doing. I have a pretty simple question. You've talked about Janssen and J&J and what's going on there. It's been about a year, I think, roughly a year since you announced that collaboration. Can you give us a little more color on the timing of this stuff, so we can see when we could expect some results that we can look at?

Yes. So I think it's been about 9 months since we've started the actual project with Janssen. And we're talking about Janssen on the therapeutic side, not the vaccine side, which I intimated as something else that we're working on as well. So we've improved the yield of all the proteins in this project fairly significantly. So from the science perspective, the R&D teams of Janssen and Dyadic are working well together and the progress made so far in these projects is advancing towards reaching the milestones outlined in our agreement with Janssen, including the multiple 7-figure potential milestones and eventual payments of the 9-figures for each product if the volumes of these product projections are reached. So I think it's going very well. And it's very difficult with these big pharmaceutical companies because of the difference between what's going on with the science and the business development and those timelines sort of have to come together. But it's first reaching the scientific milestones and achievements that we're hitting that leads to those milestones and the bigger payments that we're all looking for. So Janssen, we have a very strong relationship with them on the scientific side. We certainly met with them at BPI East. As John Vandermosten was talking about these conferences, we met with the business development guy that we actually made the deal with. So they're all over it. They're watching and hopefully, they're expanding to actually do more things in different sides of their business that may surprise all of us, it's becoming even faster.

That's very useful. I appreciate it. Do you think that within the next 12 months, we'll start seeing them -- if I remember correctly, they were going to pay us $5 million for each. There were 2 things we were working on. I think they're going to pay $5 million upfront on H1. Where would that sit?

Well, I'm not quite sure what you mean where it would sit. But if I remember...

The point I'm getting at is, when would we expect to see the $5 million on each of these products?

I mean, honestly, we can't give you a projected timeline. But if you remember, they gave us $500,000 cash upfront. They're funding up to $1.6 million in R&D revenue. And then let's talk about, to your point, on an exercise of an option, we've received a mid-7 figure for an additional nonexclusive target and then another mid-7 figure for bringing the technology in, for technology transfer, and then single-digit 7-figures for doing technology transfer and first project going in. And then, of course, up to 9-figure payments over time on the back end if we achieve certain productivity goals and sales on the products produced. But we don't expect that the technology is going to end with a few different proteins. We expect that, hopefully, they'll adopt it and bring it in, in addition to the incredible opportunity we're talking about here that this can just be leveraged into more and more opportunities within both sides of their business, both on kind of protein side and potentially even on the, let's say, the recombinant protein vaccine side.

There are no further questions. I'll now turn the call over to Dyadic CEO, Mr. Emalfarb, for closing remarks. Thank you, sir.

We are proud of our scientific advancements and achievements in 2022. Most significantly, the Dyadic has received regulatory approval to initiate a Phase I clinical trial to demonstrate clinical safety and antibody response in humans for the DYAI-100 COVID-19, recombinant protein RBD booster vaccine candidate. We believe this first-in-human safety data for C1 produced protein on the C1 platform in addition to the continued advances in productivity, quality and efficiency will help to accelerate the adoption and use of the C1 protein production platform within the human pharmaceutical industry to the benefit of patients across the globe. We're not only focused on improving the value of Dyadic but for the life science industry, which will in turn improve value for shareholders, but will also improve access to affordable vaccines and therapeutics from populations in developed and emerging nations. Our reorganization of our infrastructure and focused strategy has prepared Dyadic for exploiting existing and new commercialization opportunities to enable us to fulfill our mission as a global biotechnology company in order to improve the way we feed, fuel and heal the world. Thank you once again for joining us on today's Q3 2022 conference call, and we look forward to keeping you updated as we advance our commercial and scientific initiatives across the companies and our collaborators' programs. We also look forward to seeing you on the next call, and I hope you keep an eye out for our periodic updates.

Thank you very much, sir. This conference has now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation, and you may now disconnect your lines at this time.