Gerdau S.A. (GGBR4) Earnings Call Transcript & Summary

Good morning, everyone. And welcome to our earnings release for the fourth quarter 2024 for Gerdau. I'm Mariana Dutra, Head of Investor Relations. And here with us today are Mr. Gustavo Werneck, CEO; and CFO, Rafael Japur. This call has simultaneous translation into English, and you can choose the language of your choice clicking in the globe icon in the lower part of your screen. [Operator Instructions] I would like to emphasize that any forward-looking statements are assumptions and beliefs of the company based on information currently available. Forward-looking statements do not represent performance, outlook and depend on circumstances that may or may not occur. Now I'll turn the floor over to Gustavo to begin the presentation. You may begin, Gustavo.

Thank you, Mary. Hello, everyone, and good afternoon. I hope you're all well, and thank you for meeting us today for another earnings release call. I will briefly comment on the highlights of the quarter and the outlook for our operations dedicating more time for the Q&A session. So first of all, I would like to point out that we ended 2024 with the lowest accident frequency rate in our 124-year history. And I reinstate our commitment to people's health, safety and well-being, which, as you know, is always our priority. We came to the end of 2024 calendar year with an adjusted EBITDA of BRL 10.800 billion as a result of improved competitiveness of our operations achieved through strategic cost reduction initiatives, mainly involving our assets in Brazil. Meanwhile, the Brazilian market continued to be impacted by the high penetration rate of imported steel in Brazil. which ended the year at almost 20%, even with the implementation in the midst of last year, of the tariff quota system. Finally, I would like to point out that we acquired 2 SHPs called Garganta da Jararaca and Paranatinga, 2 located in the city of Mato Grosso. The purchase of these assets is in line with Gerdau strategy to have a more competitive cost of business, increasing its own production of renewable energy and also in line with our decarbonization process. Now I'll turn it over to Japur, who will go over the financial highlights.

Thank you, Gustavo. Hello, everyone. It's always a pleasure to be here with you in our earnings conference call. The 2024 result reinforces our ability to adapt in the importance of our geographical diversification. We were able to maintain financial metrics and a solid balance sheet with low leverage without having to sacrifice our growth initiative and our investments or our commitment to returning value to our shareholders. In this context, I would like to highlight 3 points. Number one, 2024 was marked by our main focus to reduce costs and controllable expenses. Thanks to the efforts of all of our employees, we were able to achieve a savings of BRL 1.5 billion, in line with our savings guidance. As a result, we started 2025 at a new level of operating efficiency compared to the year of 2023. Secondly, our strong cash generation allowed us to invest BRL 6.2 billion in CapEx in 2024 with more than half of this amount earmarked for strategic projects, growth and competitiveness gains for our assets. For 2025, our CapEx guidance, as mentioned in the material fact, will be BRL 6 billion divided equally between competitiveness and maintenance efforts -- maintenance investments. Lastly, I would like to highlight the return to our shareholders. Taking to accounts -- taking into account dividends and the share buybacks in 2024, we distributed almost BRL 2.9 billion, a payout of almost 66% of our profit. In other words, we completed our share buyback program of 2024 and we started a new program for 2025, buyback programs of relative the same size to repurchase 65 million shares. In 2024, we acquired 3.4% of the company's outstanding shares. And for 2025, we expect to repurchase another 3.2% of our outstanding shares. To end, I'd like to inform you that as of the first quarter of 2025, we will start reporting the results of our company using 3 reportable segments instead of 4 as we had before. And these 3 segments will be Brazil, North America and South America. This new format is in line with the current scenario in the steel industry with an increasing regionalization of markets. We believe that with this approach, we will have more clarity as we will group together in the same segments, macroeconomic dynamics, consumer markets, regulations and functional currencies that are similar. In addition, this change will make our exposure to Brazil and North America clearer. And these two are our main markets of operation. I'll end here, and I'll join you and Gustavo for the Q&A session.

Thank you, Japur. And I keep saying that in the midst of an uncertain global macroeconomic scenario, we continue to focus on the growth and competitiveness of assets with the greatest potential for generating long-term value for our customers and our stakeholders, such as the Ouro Branco unit in Minas Gerais, which will add a new hot coil rolled strip capacity in the first quarter of '25. In Brazil, we are still seeing good indicators for the construction industry with a record number of property launches and positive figures coming from the automotive sector. However, rising inflation and high interest rates aim at a market heavily impacted by steel imports could result in lower local demand for steel in the coming months. For North America, our shipments in backlog recovered in the first quarter, returning to historical levels. We believe in a positive outlook for nonresidential demand and infrastructure, which should positively influence the local market. Moreover, the new trade defense measures announced by the Trump administration aimed at straightening U.S. industry could result in greater use of our assets in the country and improved competitiveness of these operations. The 25% import tariffs will have correct the exceptions resulting from Section 232 which pose mixed tariff rate quota system covered only 18% of steel shipments imported into the U.S. We continue to monitor how these new measures will impact the dynamics of the global market. In the sense, as I have said before, Brazil continues to be heavily impacted by the excessive entry of imported long and flat steels since the current system of quotas implemented in mid-2024 has been ineffective in the commercial defense of domestic steel. This mechanism has not brought the expected results. It needs to be urgently improved by the Brazilian government as it was done by the U.S. government. And then with that, I conclude this first part. We thank you for your attention. And now we will jump to the Q&A session.

[Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from Marcio Farid with Goldman Sachs.

Congratulations on the new format going straight to the point. It's great because we have more time to ask questions. Well, Gustavo, perhaps we could start from the very end of your presentation. I believe that the last 2 quarters in the United States, the second half of last year were challenging in the U.S. volume mix price. And perhaps that reached a bottom in the fourth quarter. But now with the U.S. presidential elections behind us with the seasonality and tariffs things could improve. What should we expect in the United States in the first quarter and also second quarter and second half of the year? And how would you adapt your North America operations, if tariffs are effective but particularly against Canada and Mexico, knowing that -- knowing your mix of operations there? And quickly, in Brazil, we saw long steel prices falling recently. We believe that this is due to a movement of destocking that became in the end of last year. So I'd like to note from you, are we starting to see a pickup of purchases in Brazil? Is there any scenario to remove discounts? And how should we think about the Brazilian demand in the macroeconomic context we have ahead of us?

Well, Marcio, thank you very much. We debated a lot our way of having our earnings call to try to simplify. So thank you for the positive feedback. So I'll start answering Marcio's question and then Japur can add, particularly regarding the volume of products that we have between Mexico and the United States. Marcio, indeed in the end of last year, not just in December, but in October, we started having that expectation regarding what would happen as of January 20. We saw a decline in our backlog, although we understood that the demand fundamentals remain solid. So yes, there was this expectation. But when the new administration took office, particularly the new trade defense measures, well new is a way of saying they just pressed the rewind button and we went back to what happened in 2018 because in the Trade Act, Section 232, there were many exceptions. So we went back to what it was before. And I believe that this business is going to be seen with more discipline. There is no trend to go back to the way it was. Regardless of that, in the last 30 days, we saw an interesting recovery in the backlog. The backlog reformed itself very quickly. The spreads that were declining a bit with the new announcements of commercial repositioning of all producers. Well, those recovered. So the trend looking forward is that we'll have a very positive scenario. The first signs of these first 30 days point to optimism so that 2025 is expected to be a better year than expected in North America. Right now, we're working with a low usage of our rolling mills. This backlog has an ability to be absorbed by the installed capacity. We are at about 70% usage of our capacity. We have capacity available to immediately turn on. We have people. So the decision to turn on the rolling mills to have additional usage, it's a very fast decision. So we see this very positively. There is this issue with Canada. We do transition products from Canada to the U.S. So we don't see this as having a very material effect. But I'll give the floor to Japur to give you more detail regarding products moved from Canada to the U.S.

So I think that from Canada to the U.S. we have about 7% to 8% of what we saw in North America. These are products, the 7% to 8% of products that we manufacture in Canada and transport to the United States. Of course, we are working with [indiscernible] to see what is the best way to mitigate potential additional tariffs we might have. This is going to be an exercise to understand what kind of exemptions, rebates, the clients will be able to get from the government and have the usual trade negotiations. But we are were talking about 7% of what is a question mark versus 93%, which is certain to have a more positive and constructive market situation. Also considering the mix, you have followed that in the recent quarters, we had an impoverishment in our mix of products in North America selling more rebar, close to 20% of our mix being rebar versus 10% that we had in moments of higher margins as was the case in 2022. In addition to, of course, volume which has an important effect to improve the mix because we're talking about beans and merchant bars, which have margins and -- higher margins and added value than rebar. And as regards to Mexico, basically, we don't have exports from Mexico into the United States. So for us, this is not an issue.

Next question is from Rafael Barcellos with Bradesco BBI. Rafael, you go ahead, please.

My first question would be about the Brazilian market. But from a more strategic point of view, we see some players adding more rebar capacity recently. And in terms of demand, the country remains with a level of demand, per capita demand or any other indicator. But with the demand level, which is below its potential. Having said that, I'd like to understand your strategic view of the Brazilian market, any product line that makes sense to invest is something to be discontinued? And in particular, regarding rebar. Perhaps shouldn't this be a market where Gerdau could look for more consolidation? My second question is about a follow-up question regarding U.S. tariffs because I think that this is a point that has been discussed over and over. First, what about discussions about the potential investments in the Mexico plant? I would like to have an update on that. And second point regarding how do you see the Gerdau's ability to grow in the United States and in what segments?

Rafael, thank you for your comments and questions. Indeed, you touched on a very relevant point. Even in this current moment of still high demand for rebar, it has been very difficult to get the level of competitiveness that we're aiming for, not just ours, all other players as well. As we imagine that along the year, there might be a reduction, particularly in mid- to high-income construction segment. We don't believe in a significant drop of MCMV, but it uses rebar and steel with a lower gauge. So in the scenario that can worsen as of the second half without the demand for a higher gauge rebar, a scenario that is not so good can get worse. From the practical standpoint, there are debates happening with the federal government because rebar needs to be put more intensely in this issue of commercial policy. It doesn't change the supply and demand for steel in Brazil. So of course, we will need to adapt capacity perhaps in the future, have some consolidation. But I would say that this is not close to happening. And we would need to increase our competitiveness, to be able to compete in a market that became very complex. But in a way, Rafael, rebar has been facing this kind of difficulty in last year. There's nothing new. No one can add capacity overnight. Capacity addition is being announced, it's not by chance that reinforced concrete and rebar has been losing share in our product mix in Brazil. When we look at the relevance of flat and special steel, it's higher than for reinforced concrete. In our current investments, it doesn't make any sense to invest in increasing rebar capacity except some investments that can increase a level of competitiveness or reduce the current level of cost. Our investments right now are focused on a segment where we now have a market share, which is a rolling of flat steel. Now in mid-March, we're already testing it. We are producing in the test phase in this new rolling capacity in Ouro Branco, another 250,000 tonnes. So flat steel will increase its share in our total product mix and mining is an investment that is doing very well, expected to start operating in January of next year. It will bring us a level of competitive and cost to the Ouro Branco unit that we didn't have in the past. So very focused on leaving rebar as an important product, but we have find alternatives with other products without turnover supply, to create more value and add more profitability because, in fact, at this moment, it is very hard to think about any possible alternative to recover the profitability of rebar in Brazil. I'll let Japur add, and if there's anything I left out, Rafael, anything we didn't answer, please, you ask a follow-up question.

Perhaps putting the 2 questions together regarding Mexico, tariffs and investments in where to grow in North America. It is obviously more challenging to have a green field project to investment in special steel in New Mexico in a geopolitical context that was more difficult. And now with the adoption of tariffs, not only between the countries that are negotiating, but also additional tariffs of Section 232, not having the exemption for countries with bilateral trade agreements. So we'll take that into account. We'll revisit the investment possibilities. And by June, we understand that we will have a tangible answer regarding how we will move forward or not with the investment in Mexico. A reminder that is very important to highlight. Today, we understand that we already have a relevant market share for special steel segment in Mexico, about 18% through exports from Brazil into Mexico and from the United States into Mexico from our units over there. Thus, thinking about this new context of tariffs in North American market, there's an option to invest perhaps, to grow against special steel we have made investments in our Monroe plant that we completed last year and the investments we have underway today, which are very representative in Texas in Midlothian. In the second half of the year, we should complete this first phase of this investment aiming to take this plant to almost 2 million tonnes capacity in a foreseeable future. So right now, we are privileging and we have already built bricks, in that construction to build the portfolio more focused on beans and merchant and bars in the long run in our North America operation.

Our next question from Daniel Sasson from Itau BBA.

I think somebody said that -- Gustavo said that the call will be very quickly so that we can extend in the Q&A session. In terms of reportable volumes, maybe you can give us a better idea about actual volumes and revenues, Brazil and U.S. My first question may be addressed to Japur. Combining a little bit of guidance, CapEx and your cash generation expectation going forward. Japur, as part of that BRL 6 billion guidance, I just want to know whether that also contemplates your electric power generation assets or you have something from next that probably is not contemplated in that BRL 6 billion amount. I know you don't give any guidance, but given the fact that this year's guidance also incorporates some initiatives related to ESG, would it be reasonable in qualitative terms to think in terms of a lower CapEx '26 and '25, whether you could comment on CapEx evolution this year. You accelerated a lot in the fourth quarter of last year. So do you think we could expect something better distribute throughout the year 2025. Now in terms of your new BQ project or hot coil roll strip project, I know that it's about to happen in the next coming days. What is the expected shipments for this year? And how are you projecting this curve? Maybe if I can think about additional plans for the year that could be very good.

Okay, Japur, maybe you can start by answering the question on CapEx. I mean, it's hard to talk with 2 Gustavos in the same day, right? So we just want to free up your time. So Gustavo will talk about CapEx, and then I'll talk about the hot coal rolling line.

The guidance of BRL 6 billion this year. Maybe it's important that I elaborate on the topic a bit more. Typically in the last few years, we were investing with some interventions during the maintenance shutdowns that usually occur at the end of the year. So usually, CapEx was spent slowly in the first quarters. And it will pick up throughout the last part of the year. This year, as we already have some very important and major projects that are underway that do not depend on maintenance shutdowns like our [indiscernible] project, our CapEx curve of BRL 6 billion will tend to be flatter throughout the year. So if you think about cash flow throughout the year, I think the curve will be very similar because we are beginning the year with some very important CapEx spendings right at the onset of the year. This is just to give you an idea of our CapEx performance throughout the year. So this is my first comment. My second point that it's important that I highlight, which has to do with the quality of the number. What is contemplated in that number, within that BRL 6 billion? I would like to remind you that at the end of last year, we made two announcements related to electric generation in our self energy production. The first thing was our investment in the energy company, where we increased our stake to 40% and the agreement was a bit different. Okay, 3 -- from the 3 solar units we will have through new energy, we will build these subsidiaries, but there will be full subsidiaries of Gerdau. So what would be an equity investment of a control company will now turn to be a CapEx throughout the year 2025. So out of that BRL 6 billion CapEx, something around BRL 400 million are already investment to generate energy in these 3 hubs that will be -- will belong to Gerdau in full. And when we think about investments, in steel, there is already a reduction of -- from BRL 5.2 billion to BRL 5 billion this year. And then when we look forward and whenever we look at new investments for the years to come, what Gustavo said throughout his presentation, is that we understand that in this new scenario where we see increased commercial defense that we should be more assertive in defending our interest, meaning that, yes, we do have a very relevant investment portfolio that have been approved last year, and it's now underway. But now it has come to time that for new projects, we have to be very diligent and it will certainly depend on what kind of decisions the government -- the governments will take in terms of its own commercial defense to drop a plan of CapEx spending. So maybe there will be less investment approvals throughout this year. And I think with that, I covered the main points of your question on CapEx, and I elaborated a bit more on the answer because I thought it was important to make a distinction between energy CapEx, which is now changing this year, BRL 450 million that is contemplated in that BRL 6.2 billion. And the second point, I would like to say that it will be a flatter curve of CapEx disbursement when compared to previous years when there was a leap from the first through the fourth quarter. And so now Gustavo will talk about the hot coil rolling mill.

Okay. BQ in Portuguese. I would like -- I mean, we know that we have new BQ capacities, not within this landscape of just adding capacity to a market that in a few moments, with imports, We have an overcapacity. Well, first of all, I would like to say that this is part of the journey of removing semi-finished from Ouro Branco, which is focused on exports and adding products with higher added value. Second of all, once we bring mining investment starting next year, our hot coil rolling mill cost will be highly competitive. We will be able to produce BQ with ore coming very close to [indiscernible]. The other aspect is that since we have a very full mix of products, and we are very strong through our Commercial Gerdau, we are very sure that throughout the year with our captive clients, we will be able to ship 250,000 tonnes. I mean, the demand was repressed. And even in the new moments with the overflow of imported goods, it was hard to sell, but we are very certain that this investment will bring about the benefits we had envisioned. And there is a possibility in the future, which is to have a new phase of BQ or BQ3. So with this, we will create new options in the future. Let's say that if we want to do a new phase of hot coil roll strips, we could do that, maybe not to cater to the automotive industry, but maybe then to serve civil construction or the white line. So there will be -- our plant will have that additional option. And now returning to Rafa's question, getting into markets that we are not present today, and this would also help us to dilute the issue of reinforced concrete and rebar. This is part of a midterm plan with mining, which will increase competitiveness of our Ouro Branco Mill, something that we didn't have in the past. So in general, this is it.

Let me just add to what Gustavo said. And we had maintenance shutdowns starting in the fourth quarter and continue throughout the year. We will start up the operation in this first quarter. So the first quarter in terms of shipments of flat steel challenges will be a bit higher because there is lack of availability of machinery because almost 2/3 of the quarter that machine or that equipment was in maintenance. But in view of productivity gains, because we are expanding our rolling mill capacity by 30%, we hope to mitigate that shipments or sales volume that we did not have, at least we do that in the first quarter.

We have a very quick follow-up. I just want to understand a little bit your energy assets. I mean, they're part of that BRL 6 billion CapEx. Is there something next that is not contemplated in that CapEx amount of BRL 6 billion in terms of cash disbursements and thinking about M&As or investments that are -- and are not in the pipeline.

Energy investment, as Gustavo mentioned, we had the acquisition of 2 SHPs for hydroelectric energy. This is an M&A, was disbursement that happened early this year, about BRL 440 million. So okay, this is not included in that BRL 6 billion. But in addition, we also invested in 2 solar farms in the [indiscernible] complex -- I mean, 3 specific farms, and that is around BRL 440 million, and these are CapEx, and we are building solar farms. And these are contemplated in the BRL 6 billion. In addition, what we're seeing for the year is about BRL 70 million to BRL 75 million to be invested in our subsidiary of -- it's a joint venture of vehicle rental. And we do not have in addition to those, any other relevant investment for this year.

Our next question from Leo Correa from BTG Pactual.

Well, I do apologize for not putting my video on. So I do apologize. I just have a few points. I have some mental confusion in relation to Brazil. I mean, going back to what you said on price and demand. In January, and when I talk to some distributors, probably this has been the worst January in a very long time. I mean, there was a Friday discount of 7%. And I talked to you before and you said something probably half of that, maybe 4% for rebars. But now when we look at premium, rebar premium is very low when compared to BQ or hot coil. I mean, rebar of the premium is 10%. So my question is, is there any specific event happening with rebars because demand seems to be similar for both. There are still many launches. My House, My Life program remain strong. So my question relates to prices of long steels in Brazil and what do you think -- what is your idea about reviewing those prices or maybe we should see prices being more stable by the end of the quarter? And my second question, still related to the U.S., I think many colleagues talked about the change in the accounting system used by the company. I know that the market is debating that because people do not like any disclosure reductions. But since this is a very complex issue and split between 2 markets, and we didn't have a lot of edge, I mean, I was projecting margin more than anything. And so for me, this change comes as a positive thing. But I would like to escape that accounting issue. And my question is, do you think that accounting measure had any implications in your future analysis of a spin-off in the U.S., maybe. Has that -- has there been any progress in this regard? Or maybe there is nothing at the moment. Maybe this would be a pre-condition. Once you give more visibility to your revenue in the U.S. by doing that move. So not referring to this closure, but I just want to know whether this move expedites the spin-off in your U.S. business, so that the market could probably attribute a greater value or a higher valuation.

Okay. I will start from your last question. I think we understand that the markets are becoming even more regional. Like now we have 4 reportable segments. This was the same structure we have up to the fourth quarter. And so in special steels, not only we have -- we contemplated the operations in Brazil and the U.S., but also our operations in Spain that are quite relevant operations in India, meaning global operations for the automotive industry. But now we see that this automotive chain is no longer becoming so global. We are referring to them as being more regional. And so because of that we understood that now would be a good time even considering this new context of tariff debate. We thought that this new model would give you more clarity in terms of our markets, the U.S., Canada and Brazil. So I think this was the main drive. But that by no means that we have a lower focus or a lower appetite for special steels or that our interest in that segment is not as important because it is a very competitive product. But the way we report the information has changed because we think it makes more sense to report per geography rather than per type of product as we used to do in the past. At the moment, we do not have any plan for a spin-off or anything in the U.S. Of course, if that were the case, we would certainly inform the market in a proactive way. But at the moment, there is no concrete discussions in terms of a shareholder's restructuring for Gerdau at this moment. Now speaking about rebars. Now speaking about Brazil, though. I mean, you started with a very good introduction about competition in prices. But it's worth mentioning that in the second half of last year, there was the addition of another player in the Northeast of Brazil. It was a new iron ore rolling mill. So we understand that we have new capacities or maybe production interruptions because of maintenance or construction. So this is usually a period that may bring up some volatility when it comes to the balance between supply and demand. And you talked about a higher discount in long steels with the entry of these additional capacities. But at the same time, with hot coil roll strip, the spread is higher, but there was also a downtime, which led to a temporary movement in -- on the supply side. And so there has been a mismatch between supply and demand. In January, it was a slower month even because of the results of steel in Brazil, but we also understand that in February -- and in the first part of the year, we see a very constructive dynamic for the Brazilian market. The challenge and the uncertainty comes when we look ahead or when we look to the second half, I mean in July, if there is less credit availability, especially for mid- and high-income brackets, we probably -- we will probably see a deceleration in the construction sector in Brazil. Well, we are very much impacted by seasoning demand of rebars. If we look at civil construction, even in the lower income population. Our service level is quite unique. So these new -- newcomers, they have a difficult time to get in into the infrastructure and civil construction industry scenario. Maybe if you want anything in addition to this, you can talk to Maria or Japur, whatever we produce for -- in terms of rebars, to the distribution sector. We do not believe that this year things will change. We will continue to see a very fierce struggle this year. This scenario in Brazil, where the construction demand will be reduced, maybe I think the landscape will be even worse. Therefore, distribution remains a problem. The attempt, and I think you already talked about the attempts to recover profitability, the premium that we've noticed both in Brazil and abroad, and this has to do with seasonality. And all of our attempts to recover profitability have not been very effective. And I would say that up to this date, we are not seeing any alternative for this problem to be solved in the short run.

Next question from Ricardo Monegaglia with Safra.

I have 2 quick questions. At one point, I would like to understand in terms of the outlook. I understand this is not a guidance, but my question is, has this outlook being calculated with a new form of disclosure, including or not special steel operations and including or not. I would like to understand whether you could give us an indication of the margin for special steel in Brazil and the United States, U.S. margin of special steel is below the traditional operations there. So my point is, can we think that the margin of special steel can be close to a bottom and then recovery could be stronger than the traditional operation in the U.S. And in the case of Brazil, do you expect maintenance of stronger levels than the normal operation in Brazil. We have estimates of vehicle associations, for example, that are very positive for this year. So I'd like to understand more about that. And my second question is, there's an important discussion about incremental EBITDA of strategic projects. In that regard, I would like to try and understand a little bit better -- the incremental EBITDA that have been finalized or will be finalized in the end of Q1. How much of that is already in the result? How much could be in the result for 2025 and be a big driver of margin for 2025 considering the hot coil, the rolled strip rolling mill, if I understood well, the planned volume will be sent to the market. Perhaps we could see an incremental EBITDA of BRL 500 million being included. These are my questions.

Hello, Ricardo. Okay, let me try to address your question. Yes, our outlook vision already includes our new way of reporting for Q1 '25. So we have more challenging margins in Brazil and recovery in the North America. This is all included -- including special steel in Brazil and special steel in North America. I think that your analysis was very well done. When you mentioned that there might eventually be more room for a strong recovery for special steel segment in North America compared to other product lines, I think that this analysis can become true along the year. I'd like to remind you that this special steel segment in North America is very much affected by the dynamic between maple spread, scrap and obsolescence scrap. When we have a reduction in scrap price. This can hurt the results of special steel in North America. When we have moments when the scrap prices increase, these are moments that normally drive the results and the margin in the operation of special steel in North America. And we have seen movements of scrap prices increasing now in Q1 at some degree. In Brazil, when we think about the automotive industry and segment, we have some constructive projections regarding -- or constructive forecasting regarding sales, but we should not forget that as part of the scenario, there is another important topic, i.e., how viable and accessible lightweight and heavyweight vehicles are for consumers when we have hiking interest rates for the economy and for the consumption segment. I'd like to remind you, despite the production of light vehicles, having very positive prognosis in the Brazilian market. To us, what is more relevant in terms of demand for special steel would be the variations in the level of production of heavyweight vehicles because they end up having a steel consumption per unit, which is much higher than in light passenger vehicles. So this is a dynamic that we have a little bit more positive visibility in the first half for this specific segment in our market portfolio. But if we continue to see a more challenging interest rates dynamics for the second half, we might face bigger challenges regarding demand, particularly in the OEMs because they normally bring forward their launches and they put together everything they need in the second half to prepare for the following year, start of 2026. And that's for your last point about strategic CapEx. I think that some of the projects we have will be completed but they have a ramp-up curve. So we won't start producing at full steam in month 1. We won't have a full capturing of these benefits in year 1. But yes, we understand that. We have the potential to have significant volume and significant cost reduction in our HRC unit at Ouro Branco. But the big project that will be contributing a lot to increase our competitiveness will only be complete close to year end and beginning of next year, which is our Itabirito's mining project in Minas Gerais states. So we might capture some gain from the projects that are underway and about to be completed in the first phase of Midlothia. But more significantly, we will see our strategic CapEx portfolio reaping more tangible fruits to expand results all along 2026.

The next question from Yuri Pereira with Santander.

My question is whether there is margin to -- or space room to improve costs in Brazil. You spoke a little about that. Perhaps you could elaborate more about costs. And my second question is about whether you see a possibility to include a more long steel in the NCM list of our in quota system in force in Brazil. You mentioned in the beginning and we have noted more players in the industry, more and more receptive and open to this idea. How do you see this?

I think that as regard costs and fixed costs, yes, there's always room to do better but it is important to remember that we had an important inflation pressure in terms of raw materials and -- imported raw materials and inputs because of the foreign exchange that appreciate it significantly in the second half of '24. That's why we always mention costs and controllable expenses, those that are under our control because, in fact, prices like gas, coal, iron ore that we might buy from third parties. These costs fluctuate impacted by the exchange rate. Since we have a higher dollar rate than we had in prior quarters, it is possible that part of our costs of the Brazil operation, I'd like to remind you that about 25% of our costs in Brazil are dollar denominated or pegged to the dollar, somehow. So yes, there will be some cost pressure on our Brazil operation along Q1 compared to -- in line with what we saw in Q4. Yuri, regarding trade defenses, there is no halfway. Either you advocate it or not. I think that the U.S. situation itself shows this. In 2018, when they adopted Section 232 measures of the Trade Act, initially that barred the penetration of unloyal steel in the US. Then the exceptions begin. You open a door here, a door there, you lower tariff. Sometime later, it didn't work. And then it goes back to what it was. Perhaps Brazil should do the same. We should harden the situation and then see if there are exceptions. But here in Brazil, the government started following an example that was no longer working in the U.S. to have a trade defense with a tariff code, few products, what's called the NCMs and reality showed real data by CSX that it didn't work. So the debates that are being kept with the federal government aim at adopting measures similar to those imposed by the U.S. and also other countries that would be able to effectively fight the arrival of imports. We shouldn't have quotas. If we have a tariff that will prevent the imports of unloyal steel, would include a more complex list of NCM products. Then -- well, that's what we need. We need to have a pragmatic decision to defend the industry. I was speaking to the press earlier today, and I always make a point of clarifying the difference between protection and defense. We do not need protection. Despite all of the needs, we have to compete in Brazil pay 4x more for natural gas, for example, we are very competitive. We compete on equal footing with any producer in the world. But when you start having steel imported into Brazil subsidized by the Chinese government, exchanging jobs in Brazil for jobs in China still that gets here below our cost of manufacturing, that's destructive for the industry. So that's the point. We have to adopt a harder defense -- trade defense measures, but not protection, but that will bring the competitiveness conditions to be equal, the inclusion of long steel and new NCMs. This has been an important topic in the debate that we are maintaining with the federal government.

And a follow-up question. If we had a single tariff, what breakeven level would be necessary to equalize the market?

If it's a single tariff, and we won't have products going through states that have ICMS subsidies that do not go in through a free trade zone. If it is a tariff that is fully applied -- I think that the United States is a good example of tariff of about 25% to 30%. That would solve the problem. And we would have imported products arriving at the regular level about 11%. But then we start having the exceptions, the quota. In addition to the quota products, they go through some states of Brazil. That can somehow not pay for ICMS tax or still going into the country without paying the full tariffs. So there are many holes in the hose and water starts leaking. If it's a tariff, they can fight this, a tariff of about 25%, 30%. If it is effectively applied in my point of view, this would create equal level of competitiveness for everyone.

We are approaching the end of this earnings release call. We have one last question from [indiscernible] from Morgan Stanley.

In fact, I would just like to get some visibility about working capital for this year and whether there is any difference between the different semesters or if you see any cash release via working capital this year? And how do you see this evolving going forward?

Well, I think it will pretty much depend on what happens with demand in North America and Brazil. So I think we had a very significant working capital release in the fourth quarter. On the financial side, I mean, foreign exchange rate aid up our cash conversion cycle. If it were not for that leap in the exchange rate in terms of our working capital denominated in U.S. dollars, but I think for this first half of the year, we anticipate some investment in working capital due to the return of the downtime and deliveries in Brazil, and also because of the addition of our broad coil, roll strip, rolling mill and the rebound of the U.S. economy. In our order book, we had seen an improvement when Trump was elected back in November. That improvement was consolidated at the end of the year, reaching something close to 60 days of order book. And today, we are over 70 days in terms of our order book in the U.S. And this leads us to believe that our working capital demand in this first quarter will pick up, but year-to-date, we do not anticipate having any additional demand of working capital once we look at the entirety of the quarters.

Okay. Thank you very much. In view of the time, we will now conclude the Q&A session, and I will turn the floor back to Gustavo for his final remarks.

Well, certainly, questions that have not been answered or if you have any additional questions, Please feel free to contact our IR team. I would like to thank you all for joining us today. And I'll take this opportunity to invite you all to join us again in our next earnings release presentation related to the first quarter of 2025 that will take place on April 29. Thank you very much, and take care.