Himax Technologies, Inc. (HIMX) Earnings Call Transcript & Summary

Hello, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to the Himax Technologies Incorporation First Quarter 2025 Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions]. As a reminder, this conference call is being recorded. Now, I would like to turn the conference over to Ms. Karen Tiao, Head of IR and PR at Himax. Ms. Tiao, go ahead, please.

Welcome, everyone, to the Himax First Quarter 2025 Earnings Call. My name is Karen Tiao, Head of IR/PR at Himax. Joining me today are Jordan Wu, President and Chief Executive Officer; Jessica Pan, Chief Financial Officer. After the company's prepared comments, we have allocated time for questions in a Q&A session. If you have not yet received a copy of today's results release, please email [email protected] or [email protected], access the press release on financial portals or download a copy from Himax's website at www.himax.com.tw. Before we begin the formal remarks, I'd like to remind everyone that some of the statements in this conference call, including statements regarding expected future financial results and industry growth, are forward-looking statements that involve a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual events or results to differ materially from those described in this conference call. A list of risk factors can be found in the company's SEC filings, Form 20-F for year-ended December 31, 2024 in the section entitled "Risk Factors", as may be amended. Except for the company's full-year 2024 financials, which were provided in the company's 20-F and filed with the SEC on April 2, 2025, the financial information included in the conference call is unaudited and consolidated and prepared in accordance with IFRS accounting. Such financial information is generated internally and has not been subjected to the same review and scrutiny, including internal auditing procedures and external audits by independent auditors, to which we subject our annual consolidated financial statements and may vary materially from the audited consolidated financial information for the same period. The company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. On today's call, I will first review the Himax consolidated financial performance for the first quarter 2025, followed by our second quarter outlook. Jordan will then give an update on the status of our business, after which we will take questions. You can submit your questions online through the webcast or by phone. We will review our financials on an IFRS basis. Despite the typical seasonal slowdown due to Lunar New Year holidays, we are pleased to announce that our Q1 revenue was at the high end of projected range issued on February 13, 2025. Gross margin remained in line with the guidance, while profit exceeded the guidance range. First quarter revenue registered $215.1 million, a decrease of 9.3% sequentially, reaching the high end of our guidance range of a decline of 8.5% to 12.5%, but representing a 3.7% increase year-over-year. Gross margin was 30.5%, in line with our guidance of around 30.5%, flat from last quarter and up from 29.3% in the same period last year. The year-over-year increase was driven by a favorable product mix and continued cost optimization. Q1 profit per diluted ADS was $0.114, exceeding the guidance range of $0.09 to $0.11, primarily due to lower operating expenses. Revenue from large display drivers came in at $25.0 million, flat from last quarter despite the seasonal downturn. This was primarily driven by demand spurred by Chinese government subsidies aimed at reviving domestic consumption. Notebook and monitor IC sales, both recorded solid double-digit growth in Q1. In contrast, TV IC sales declined as expected, due to customers pulling forward their inventory purchases in the prior quarter. Sales of large panel driver ICs accounted for 11.6% of total revenues for the quarters compared to 10.5% last quarter and 15.1% a year ago. Revenue from the small and medium-sized display driver segment totaled $150.5 million, reflecting a sequential decline of 9.8% amid a typical low season. However, Q1 automotive driver sales, including both traditional DDIC and TDDI, outperformed our guidance of low-teens sequential decline, declining just single-digit from the last quarter. The sequential decline reflected the waning effect of the Chinese government's renewed trade-in stimulus, announced in mid-August 2024, while demand in other major markets remained stable. Q1 auto IC sales rose nearly 20% year-over-year, reflecting ongoing customer reliance on our technology and the strength of our competitive moat. Our automotive business comprising DDIC, TDDI, Tcon and OLED IC sales, remained the largest revenue contributor in the first quarter, representing more than 50% of total sales. Meanwhile, both smartphone and tablet driver sales declined as expected, amid a subdued festival season. The small and medium-sized driver IC segment accounted for 70.0% of total sales for the quarter compared to 70.3% in the previous quarter and 69.5% a year ago. Q1 non-driver sales reached $39.6 million, a 12.8% decrease from the previous quarter. The sequential decline was primarily attributable to the absence of a one-time ASIC Tcon shipment to a leading projector customer in the prior quarter, coupled with a moderation in automotive Tcon shipment after several quarters of robust growth. That being said, our position in the local dimming Tcon remains unrivaled, supported by increasing validation and adoption from leading panel makers, Tier 1 suppliers and automotive manufacturers around the world. We also have a robust pipeline of over 200 design win projects that are set to gradually enter mass production in the coming years. Non-driver products accounted for 18.4% of total revenues as compared to 19.2% in the previous quarter and 15.4% a year ago. First quarter operating expenses were $45.7 million, a decrease of 7.0% from the previous quarter and a decline of 9.8% from a year ago. Amid ongoing macroeconomic challenges, we are strictly enforcing budget and expense controls. First quarter operating income was $19.8 million, or 9.2% of sales compared to 9.7% of sales last quarter and 4.8% of sales for the same period last year. The sequential decrease was mainly a result of lower sales, offset by lower operating expenses. The year-over-year increase resulted primarily from higher sales, improved gross margins and lower operating expenses. First quarter after-tax profit was $20.0 million, or $0.114 per diluted ADS compared to $24.6 million, or $0.14 per diluted ADS last quarter and up from $12.5 million, or $0.71 in the same period last year. Turning to balance sheet. We had $281 million of cash, cash equivalent and other financial assets as of March 31, 2025. This compares to $277.4 million at the same time last year and $224.6 million a year ago. We achieved a strong positive operating cash flow of $56.0 million for the first quarter. As of March 31, 2025, we had $33.0 million in long-term unsecured loans, with $6.0 million being the current position. Our quarter-end inventories as of March 31, 2025 were $129.9 million, lower than $158.7 million last quarter and $201.9 million same period last year. Our inventory levels have steadily declined for 10 consecutive quarters since peaking during the COVID-19 pandemic when the industry was undergoing a supply shortage. As macroeconomic uncertainty impairs visibility across the ecosystem, we will continue to manage our inventory conservatively. Accounts receivable at the end of March 2025 was $217.5 million, down from $236.8 million last quarter or slightly up from $212.3 million a year ago. DSO was 29 days at the quarter end as compared to 96 days last quarter and 23 days a year ago. First quarter capital expenditure was $5.2 million versus $3.2 million last quarter and $2.7 million a year ago. First quarter CapEx was mainly for R&D-related equipment for our IC design business and ongoing construction of a new preschool near our Tainan headquarters for children of employees. The preschool is scheduled to open in 2026, reinforcing our commitment to a family-friendly workplace. Prior to today's call, we announced an annual cash dividend of $0.37 per ADS, totaling $64.5 million and payable on July 11, 2025, with a payable ratio of 81.1% of the previous year's profits. Himax will continue to focus on maintaining a healthy balance sheet, while driving sustainable long-term growth to deliver value for our shareholders through high dividends and share repurchases. As of March 31, 2025, Himax had 174.9 million ADS outstanding, unchanged from last quarter. On a fully diluted basis, the total number of ADS outstanding for the first quarter was 175.1 million. Now turning to the second quarter 2025 guidance. We expect second quarter revenues to decrease 5.0% to increase 3.0% sequentially. Gross margin is expected to be around 31.0%, depending on the product mix. The second quarter profit attributable to shareholders is estimated to be in the range of $0.085 to $0.115 per fully diluted ADS. I will now turn the call over to Jordan to discuss our Q2 2025 outlook. Jordan, the floor is yours.

Thank you, Karen. To start off, I'd like to quickly comment on the recent abrupt and significant NT dollar appreciation against the U.S. dollar. Its impact on our Q2 financial results is limited and has been accounted for in the financial guidance for the quarter. All of Himax's revenues and nearly all of our cost of sales are U.S. dollar denominated, providing a natural hedge for buying and selling activities. In addition, the bulk of our R&D expenses, save for employee salaries, are also U.S. dollar based. For employee compensation, the major item of our operating expenses, while our employees are paid in the local currency of their location for their salaries, their bonuses are all U.S.-dollar based. Other major non-U.S. dollar expenses, mostly NT dollar-denominated, include utilities and income tax expenses. While we don't hedge for currency risk of our non-U.S. dollar based operating expenses as the cost of such hedging would usually outweigh the benefit, we do purchase NT dollar in advance to cover the income tax payable, thereby minimizing the currency risk of a major expense item. Now, I would like to comment on the recent announced -- on the recently announced U.S. tariff measures, which have intensified global trade tensions, triggered volatility in capital markets and heightened macroeconomic and market demand uncertainty. Currently, tariffs have not had a significant direct impact on Himax's business, as our IC products are not directly exported to the U.S. Instead, they are assembled into panels or modules by customers outside the United States and then sold into global markets, including the United States. Just a negligible portion, about 2% of Himax's products are shipped directly to the United States. Only customers for these products are subject to U.S. tariffs. Almost all of these products are manufactured in Taiwan. While some customers have requested early shipments to avoid tariff duties, many others have opted to deter their orders amid ongoing tariff-related uncertainties. Our conservative Q2 revenue guidance reflects the highly cautious stance of our customers in general towards the global economic outlook and end market demand amid ongoing tariff development. Looking into the second half of the year, overall market visibility remains low, with the world continuing to closely monitor the development of tariff negotiations. As the tariff-driven supply chain restructuring gains momentum, Himax is deepening its well-established supply chain in Taiwan, while further strengthening its supply chain presence in China, Korea, Singapore and other regions to ensure production flexibility and cost competitiveness and to better mitigate geopolitical risks. Amid the volatile macro environment, most panel customers have adopted a make-to-order model and are keeping inventories clean. In response, we are carefully monitoring wafer starts, maintaining low inventory levels and rigorously controlling operating expenses. Currently, we are further optimizing costs by diversifying both foundry and back-end packaging testing, while mitigating risks and enhancing manufacturing flexibility. This approach is exemplified by the major milestone recently achieved in our automotive display IC collaboration with Nexchip in China, with products now in mass production and adopted by leading automakers. This not only validates our diversified supply chain strategy, but also underscores our steadfast commitment to scaling capacity and cost optimization. Turning to the automotive market. Automotive IC business currently accounts for half of Himax's revenue. Having served the automotive display market for almost 2 decades, Himax has maintained a balanced global market share across major regions, while demonstrating technological leadership and offering the industry's most comprehensive suite of panel ICs, spanning LCD to OLED. Combined with over a decade of loyal relationship with global Tier 1 suppliers and automotive brands, these strengths help mitigate potential risk from tariffs and reinforce the long-term stability of our automotive business. In addition, Himax remains committed to a number of innovative fields, namely ultralow power AI, AR glasses and co-packaged optics or CPO. Technologies in these areas are approaching maturity and offer substantial growth potential. As a pioneer and leader in key technologies enabling these novel areas, Himax is working closely with supply chain partners from technology development through to mass production, to actively expand new business opportunities. These innovative fields are relatively less affected by macroeconomic fluctuations and customer development efforts have not slowed due to tariff uncertainties. We expect these businesses to contribute meaningfully to both revenue and gross margin in the years ahead. Despite the volatile geopolitical environment, Himax continues to actively explore high-growth markets, establish close partnerships with industry-leading companies and continue to expand our global footprint while developing long-term competitive advantages. In our latest cross-border cooperation, we established a 3-party strategic alliance with Powerchip and Tata Electronics, a subsidiary of Tata Group, India's largest and most influential conglomerate. This collaboration combines Tata Electronics' deep manufacturing and local supply chain integration strengths, Powerchip's mature wafer manufacturing capabilities and Himax's leading display IC and WiseEye ultralow power AI sensing technologies to jointly create a powerful ecosystem. The collaboration echoes the Make in India strategy of the Indian government for high-tech areas while exploring the huge potential demand of the Indian market. With that, I will now begin with an update on the large panel driver IC business. In Q2, large display driver IC sales are expected to decline by a single digit sequentially, driven by customers' pull forward orders placed in prior quarters against the backdrop of Chinese government subsidies boosting domestic consumption. Monitor and notebook IC sales are expected to decrease in Q2, whereas TV IC sales are set to increase sequentially, driven by higher shipments to key end customers. Looking ahead in the notebook sector, we are observing a growing trend for premium notebooks to adopt OLED displays and advanced touch features, partially fueled by the rise of AI PC. Himax is well positioned to capitalize on this trend, offering a comprehensive range of ICs for both LCD and OLED notebooks, including DDIC, Tcon, touch controllers and TDDI. In addition, we are expanding our high-speed interface product portfolio to support faster data transfer rates, lower latency and improved power efficiency, features that are critical for next-generation displays. We have made progress on the next-generation eDP 1.5 display interface for Tcon for both the LCD and OLED panels. This high-speed interface supports high frame rates, low power consumption, adaptive sync and high resolution, key features essential for next-generation AI PCs. Through ongoing portfolio expansion and continuous technology innovation, Himax is well-positioned to lead in the rapidly evolving landscape of AI PCs and premium notebooks. Turning to the small and medium-sized display IC business. In Q2, small and medium-sized display driver IC business is expected to decline single-digit from last quarter. We expect Q2 automotive driver IC sales, including both TDDI and traditional DDIC to decline mid-teens sequentially, reflecting the combined impact of tariff and the waning effect of China's automotive subsidy program. Despite these near-term headwinds, automotive TDDI adoption continues to expand across the globe, driven by growing demand for more intuitive, interactive and cost-effective touch panel features essential in modern vehicles. Himax's cumulative shipments of automotive TDDI have outpaced competitors, with nearly 500 design-in projects secured to date, majority of which have yet to enter mass production. On top of a continuous influx of new pipelines and design wins across the board, we are well-positioned for continued growth, further reinforcing our leadership in this space. For automotive DDIC, we continue to see solid shipments volume for automotive DDICs for non-touch applications, including cluster displays, HUDs and rear-and side-view mirrors. Our confidence is further strengthened by the growing proliferation of advanced technologies, such as LTDI or large touch and display driver integration in large-display car models. Himax is a pioneer in LTDI technology, which supports seamless, integrated large touch display panels, typically larger than 30 inches or spanning pillar-to-pillar across the entire width of the cockpit. LTDI also features high-density touch functionality for responsive performance, making it ideal for next-generation smart cabin designs that emphasize large displays and intuitive touch interaction. Additionally, we are seeing an increasing number of customers choosing to adopt our integrated LTDI and Tcon solution as the standard platform for their ultra large automotive display development. Such panels typically require 4 or more LTDI chips and at least 1 local dimming Tcon per panel. This growing platform adoption of more of Himax's automotive IC offerings not only reflects strong customer loyalty to our technologies, but also signifies an increase in content value for us on a per-panel basis. Multiple projects with global leading car brands are set to begin mass production, starting the end of 2025. Himax continues to lead the global automotive display market, holding a 40% share in DDIC, over 50% in TDDI, and an even higher share in cutting-edge local dimming Tcon technologies. Moving to smartphone and tablet IC sales. We expect Q2 smartphone IC revenues to decline mid-teens from last quarter, while tablet IC sales are poised to grow by high-teens sequentially, driven by renewed demand from leading customers following several quiet quarters. Next, for an update on our OLED business. In the automotive OLED market, we have forged strategic alliances with leading panel makers in Korea, China and Japan. As OLED technology expands beyond premium car models, Himax is well positioned to become the partner of choice and accelerate OLED adoption in vehicles by capitalizing on our strong presence and proven track record in automotive LCD displays. Leveraging our first-mover advantage, we offer a comprehensive suite of solutions, including DDIC, Tcon, and on-cell touch controllers. It's worth noting that our advanced OLED on-cell touch-control technology boasts an industry-leading signal-to-noise ratio, exceeding 45 dB, delivering reliable performance even under challenging operational conditions such as glove wearing or wet finger. The solution entered mass production in 2024, and an increasing number of leading global brands are rapidly adopting it for their premium car models. We expect to be a key beneficiary of the shift to OLED displays for the automotive industry over the next few years, unlocking a new growth driver for us that further reinforces our market leadership. In addition, we have expanded our comprehensive OLED portfolio into the tablet and notebook markets, covering DDIC, Tcon and touch controllers through partnerships with leading OLED panel makers in Korea and China. Several new projects are slated to enter mass production with top-tier brands later this year. Meanwhile, we are developing value-added features, such as active stylus and gaming models to further enhance our product differentiation and competitive edge. In the smartphone OLED market, we are making solid progress in our collaborations with customers in Korea and China, and expect mass production to start later this year. I would like to now turn to our non-driver IC business update, where we expect the second quarter revenue to increase low-teens sequentially. First, for an update on our Tcon business. We anticipate Q2 Tcon sales to increase high-teens sequentially, primarily due to increased shipment of Tcon for notebook and automotive products. Automotive Tcon sales are set to increase by double digit in Q2, fueled by a strong pipeline of over 200 design win projects gradually entering mass production. With a steady influx of new projects, coupled with growing validation and widespread adoption of our local dimming Tcon in both premium and mainstream car models worldwide, Himax continues to maintain an unchallenged leadership position with a dominant market share. In the second quarter, we expect Tcon business to account for over 12% of total sales, with notable contributions from automotive Tcon. Meanwhile, head-up display or HUD, is emerging as a major growth area within automotive displays, where local dimming Tcon adoption is accelerating. Our industry-leading local dimming Tcon eliminates the postcard effect often seen in HUDs, caused by backlight leakage typical of conventional TFT LCD panels, delivering crisp, high-fidelity images on the windshield. Additionally, it features advanced transparency detection to prevent the display from obstructing the driver's view, thereby ensuring driver safety. With several HUD projects already underway and increasing inquiries, we are excited about the potential opportunity ahead. Our automotive Tcon business is well positioned for growth over the next few years. Switching gears to the WiseEye Ultralow Power AI Sensing solution, a cutting-edge endpoint AI integration featuring industry-leading ultralow power AI processor, always-on CMOS image sensor and CNN-based AI algorithm. In the rapidly evolving AI landscape, WiseEye AI technology stands out for its expertise in on-device AI, characterized by remarkably low power consumption, operating at just single-digit milliwatts and enabling AI functionality in battery-powered endpoint devices. Additionally, WiseEye AI significantly extends battery life and improves overall data processing efficiency by offloading tasks from the main processor. These attributes unlock new opportunities across a wide range of everyday battery-powered endpoint applications, evidenced by broad adoption of WiseEye AI across diverse applications, including notebooks, tablet, smart door locks, surveillance systems, access control, smart retail and many others. On notebook, building on the success of Dell notebooks, WiseEye AI is expanding into additional use cases across other leading notebook brands, with some entering production later this year and expanding further into 2026. The growing adoption is further fueled by the rise of AI PCs as WiseEye's ultralow power, on-device inference capabilities align seamlessly with the industry's shift towards more intelligent, context-aware and energy-efficient computing. WiseEye's advanced local inferencing technology enables real-time, high-precision user engagement detection by analyzing presence and motion, supporting a broad set of intelligent features such as head pose estimation, gaze tracking, facial expression recognition, voice command, adaptive screen dimming, secure identity authentication and many others. These features enhance interactivity and user comfort without compromising battery life or system performance, making it fit for the demands of high-performance and energy-efficient next-generation AI PCs. WiseEye also continues to achieve significant market success across various sectors such as smart door lock, where we introduced the world's first smart door lock with 24/7 sentry monitoring and real-time event recording. We are now expanding globally by collaborating with a number of leading door lock makers worldwide to integrate a suite of innovative AI features, including palm vein biometric access, parcel recognition and anti-pinch protection. Several of these value-added solutions are slated for mass production later this year. WiseEye also powers smart retail, exemplified by our collaboration with E Ink on e-Signage. It's always-on AI detects viewers attributes, such as gender appearance and age, followed by real-time personalized ads and nearby product recommendations, creating immersive engagement that elevates the in-store shopping experience. Next, for an update on our WiseEye module business. Equipped with pre-trained no-code or low-code AI, our WiseEye modules simplify AI integration and support diverse use cases, including human presence detection, gender and age recognition, gesture recognition, face mesh, voice commands, thermal image sensing, palm vein authentication and people flow management. Among them, the Himax PalmVein module has generated strong engagement across several industries. Multiple design wins have been secured, with mass production underway by global customers for smart access, workforce management and smart door lock as we continue to explore additional application opportunities. Meanwhile, to meet growing demand for flexible access control in varied settings, the upgraded WiseEye PalmVein suite now combines palm-vein recognition and facial recognition with peephole-camera input, underpinned by an advanced liveness check for high-precision multi-modal authentication. This upgraded PalmVein module not only enhances security by offering multiple layers of biometric verification, but also ensures adaptability across a wide range of environments. These attributes make it particularly appealing to global brands looking to differentiate their products with enhanced security, greater user convenience and flexible customization. We anticipate increasing sales contribution from WiseEye PalmVein across a diverse array of applications starting next year and are excited about its long-term growth potential. Looking ahead, WiseEye is poised to scale rapidly across the broader AIoT market and emerge as a key growth driver for Himax in the years ahead. Separately, we are bringing intelligent, ultralow power, always-on AI sensing to AR glasses. Powered by real-time, context-aware AI running at single-digit millwatt, WiseEye uniquely delivers the 2 essentials for AR devices; instant responsiveness and all-day battery life. These advantages have already led to WiseEye AI being adopted by a leading AR glasses platform, with ongoing engineering engagements involving several other prominent global AR tech names for the upcoming AR glasses. WiseEye supports always-on outward sensing, enabling AR glasses to detect and analyze the surrounding environment in real time. This empowers instant response and key functionality such as object recognition, navigation assistance, translation and environmental mapping, greatly enhancing the overall AR experience. WiseEye also enables precise inward sensing, detecting subtle eye movements, gaze direction, pupil size and blinking, providing critical data for more intuitive and natural user interactions in AR applications. Next, for an update on WLO. As you may recall, in June 2024, Himax in partnership with FOCI, the world leader in silicon photonics connectors, unveiled a state-of-the-art silicon photonics packaging technology, a critical technology to enable co-packaged optics or CPO technology. This innovation of CPO integrates silicon photonic chips and optical connectors within multi-chip modules, replacing traditional metal wire transmission with high-speed optical communication. The technology significantly enhances bandwidth, boosts data transmission rates, reduces signal loss and latency, lowers power consumption and significantly minimizes the size and cost of MCM. Currently, sample shipments of our first-generation silicon photonics packaging solution for engineering validation and trial production are proceeding as planned, with volumes set to increase in the coming quarters. In addition, Himax continues to advance its technology road map in close collaboration with FOCI, top-tier AI companies and foundry partner through the joint development of future-generation CPO solutions to meet the escalating bandwidth requirements driven by AI and HPC applications. We are pleased to see our partner, FOCI, achieving significant advancements in silicon photonics packaging, with notable improvements in automated production and testing. Together, we are actively progressing in process validation and yield optimization to enable full-scale production for leading AI customers. Himax is exceptionally positioned to capitalize on future growth opportunities in high-performance computing, AI inference and data center markets. Alongside the CPO progress, certain global technology leaders are now engaging our WLO expertise to develop next-generation waveguides for AR glasses, a testament to the market's growing confidence in Himax's WLO technology. With strong growth opportunities from CPO and AR glasses in the making, we are as optimistic as ever that our WLO business can emerge as a significant revenue and profit engine for us in the years ahead. Moving on to our latest advancement in LCoS microdisplay technology. At Display Week 2025 next week in San Jose, we will debut our ultra-luminous, miniature Dual-Edge Front-lit LCoS microdisplay. This industry-leading solution integrates both the illumination optics and LCoS panel into an exceptionally compact form factor as more as 0.09 c.c., and weighing only 0.2 grams, while targeting up to 350,000 nits brightness and 1 lumen output at just 250 milliwatt maximum total power consumption, demonstrating unparalleled optical efficiency. The luminance breakthrough ensures excellent eye-level visibility even in bright ambient conditions, while its contact form factor enables the development of sleek, everyday AR glasses. With industry-leading compact form factor, superior brightness and power efficiency, it is ideally suited for next-generation AR glasses and head-mounted displays where space, weight, thermal constraints are critical. Growing collaborations with leading global tech companies are underway. We are confident that our technological advancements will help revitalize the AR glasses market, drive its expansion and unlock new opportunities for immersive visual experiences. That concludes my report for this quarter. Thank you for your interest in Himax. We appreciate you joining today's call and are now ready to take questions.

[Operator Instructions]

We do have a couple of questions from the online. The first question is, could you explain the validation process for CPO? The validation process is now being conducted by our leading IRP, FOCI as ourselves, our leading customer and our foundry partner. And it is a work in progress at the moment. And the process involves primarily the validation of our current generation of products as well as the newly developed equipment including manufacturing assembly and testing equipment involved for the production of the product. And the equipment also includes the manufacturing equipment for the FAU, as well as the equipment for the funding of FAU together with the cohorts. So it's going to be a challenge because not just the products, but also manufacturing process are brand new and it's a primarily in-house development on the side of Himax as well as FOCI. However, we are -- we believe the process is going well, and we have good confidence on the successful validation of our technology. I don't want to comment exactly when, although certainly there's a timetable. All I can say is not very distant in the future. And once the validation process is concluded, then FOCI in particular, will embark on immediate expansion of their capacity, which will not take a long time. And that's how we will get ourselves ready for the mass production schedule for next year. And in our prepared remarks, we mentioned that the sample shipments from Himax to FOCI is slated to increase quarter-by-quarter this year. And by Q4, it will reach in the amount of millions of dollars for Himax. And the sample shipments are actually exactly for the purpose of such validation. So once the validation is done and we will certainly start the next phase, which is trial production, try to make sure nothing is going to go wrong and also for yield improvement and optimization. So that's my answer to the first question. There's another question. Do you have a guidance for 2025? How do we see the demand into second half? As you know, since our IPO, we never provide full-year guidance. And we do comment on the trends we are seeing, but we never really -- like the immediate quarter guidance, we never provide that. So, we are certainly not doing that at this moment, especially when the macro uncertainty is so high. And what I would -- however, again, make a certain qualitative comment on the visibility of the second half. And in short, this year is a particularly low visibility, as we all know, especially with tariff uncertainties. And another thing is we are seeing our customers are indeed, especially for the auto demand in China, and you appreciate auto accounts for now about half of our total sales. In China, after quite a few rounds of government stimulus programs, our customers are worried that further new government programs targeted to stimulate local consumption may not be as effective as before because consumers have been through quite a few of such things. And now, I mean, everybody is aware of the global uncertainty in macro economy. So that is a major -- that is a concern area for our customers and that is reflected in our Q2, rather conservative guidance because our customers are saying, see, for the tariff, how the tariff negotiation is going to unfold, nobody knows. And then another thing is sure, Chinese government is in all likelihood is going to launch new programs to boost the local economy. However, whether that program will be as effective, like the one program that was launched exactly about a year ago, that was quite effective. Whether this year's program will be as effective is a major unknown. So, we were actually able to grow our automotive business by 20% last year, which was quite good considering the global auto sales was only about flat at best. But it is actually harder to predict how the auto sales will grow this year, although internally, our target is still to at least enjoy -- achieve some growth this year. And for us to achieve the growth, I think we are fairly confident in achieving growth in new technology areas, i.e., TDDI, Tcon and LTDI, because of our pioneering position and the strong design win pipelines in these areas. And I would just point out again that our market shares in these new technology areas are all way above 50% globally. And we are still seeing aggressive adoption of such new technology. So in this area, we are fairly confident. However, depending on the global automotive shipment, the overall automotive shipment, we may see some decline in the traditional DDIC area as it will continue to be partially replaced by TDDI. However, I would also like to point out the traditional DDIC will never be totally replaced by TDDI, as we witnessed in the smartphone market because some types of automotive displays such as dashboard, side mirror, rear mirror and HUD will never need touch functionality. So as a reminder, we also enjoy about 40% global market share and be the leader in the traditional DDIC market. When should we see meaningful revenue contribution from CPO-related products? We mentioned in the last earnings call, this year will only be sample contributions, so they are meaningful, but they are still negligible compared to our total sales. We also indicated, next year, year 2026, will be the first year of mass production. But we don't know, and we are not going to comment exactly when, so I would say by the time it starts official mass production, the contribution will be meaningful, so hopefully that will be somewhere next year. Exactly when in next year, again we are not prepared to comment at this moment. I think that's -- some questions are rather repetitive from the ones I just mentioned. The key bottlenecks for the CPO project right now? Again, we need to get the product and the process validated. And I think that's the key bottleneck. And certainly, our customers will have their own technical challenges to deal with. But again, I think it is everybody's objective that we are going to bring this to mass production next year. And I think we are all quite confident and excited about this joint objective. I think that's about it for all the questions we received so far. Okay. Also as a final note, Karen Tiao, our Head of IR/PR, will maintain investor marketing activities and continue to attend investor conferences. We'll announce the details as they come about. Thank you, and have a nice day.

Thank you, President Wu. And ladies and gentlemen, this concludes first quarter 2025 earnings conference. You may now disconnect. Thank you, and goodbye.