Huntsman Corporation (HUN) Earnings Call Transcript & Summary

Greetings and welcome to the Huntsman Corporation First Quarter 2023 Earnings Call. [Operator Instructions] As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. It is now my pleasure to introduce your host, Ivan Marcuse, Vice President of Investor Relations. Thank you, sir. You may begin.

Thank you, Maria and good morning, everyone. Welcome to Huntsman's First Quarter 2023 Earnings Call. Joining us on the call today are Peter Huntsman, Chairman, CEO and President; and Phil Lister, Executive Vice President and CFO. This morning, before the market opened, we released our earnings for the first quarter of 2023 via press release and posted to our website, huntsman.com. We also posted a set slides on our website, which we will use on the call this morning while presenting our results. During the call, we may make statements about our projections or expectations for the future. All such statements are forward-looking statements and while they reflect our current expectations, they involve risks and uncertainties and are not guarantees of future performance. You should review our filings with the SEC for more information regarding the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from these projections or expectations. We do not plan on publicly updating or revising any forward-looking statements during the quarter. We will also refer to non-GAAP financial measures such as adjusted EBITDA, adjusted net income or loss and free cash flow. You can find reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures in our earnings release which has been posted to our website, huntsman.com. I'll now turn the call over to Peter Huntsman, our Chairman and CEO.

Thank you, Ivan. Good morning, everyone. Thank you for taking the time to join us. Let's turn to Slide #5. Adjusted EBITDA for our Polyurethanes division in the first quarter was $66 million. We continue to see significant destocking across our markets, specifically in North America. This destocking, combined with the competitive pricing environment, continued to put substantial pressure on the Polyurethanes business during the quarter. However, the business conditions improved sequentially in both our European and Asian regions, driving a nearly 80% improvement in EBITDA compared to the fourth quarter. Overall sales volumes in the quarter declined 21% year-on-year. Volumes also declined 6% sequentially, which is in line with normal seasonality. All regions declined in the quarter versus the prior year, with the Americas accounting for 2/3 of the reduction, with lower demand and significant destocking significantly impacted sales volumes. Our European region did show a sequential improvement versus the fourth quarter. As business conditions stabilized, destocking subsided and costs moved lower. From our vantage point, business conditions appear to be steadily improving from last year's low point within Europe. Our automotive business delivered volume improvements versus both the prior year and prior quarter. Most other major markets in Europe showed stable to improved volume sequentially. Profitability in the region was helped by natural gas prices falling from an average of about $23 per MMBtu to about $17 per MMBtu. I'll note that while natural gas costs are significantly lower today, they're still 6x higher than the U.S. Gulf Coast prices. In addition, while benzene was relatively flat sequentially, we did see an increase throughout the quarter, combined with continued competitive MDI pricing pressure. Nevertheless, we continue to make progress on our previously announced European restructuring initiatives and expect to start seeing some of the cost savings positively impacting our margins as we move through the remainder of 2023. We will continue to aggressively manage costs and match production to lower demand. With lower costs and moderately better demand, we do expect profitability in our European region to improve through the remainder of the year. As a result of this steady improvement, we are restarting our smaller MDI unit and will have both our MDI lines operational in the second quarter. This will give us maximum flexibility to match our supply with demand as we progress through the seasonally higher sales months. Europe is and will be a core region for our Polyurethanes business, and we will benefit for many years to come from the region's needed drive for better energy conservation and efficiency. We remain well positioned to bring Europe energy-saving solutions to both residential and commercial construction markets, as well as innovative improvements to the lightweighting of automobiles. In China, we did begin to see some green shoots with steady improvements in the first quarter, which was in line with our expectations. We expect China to remain on a steady but positive trajectory as the economic environment slowly returns to normal. We are seeing positive demand trends in end markets, such as the cold chain, infrastructure and certain consumer-related markets. Our China PO/MTBE joint venture contributed approximately $11 million in equity earnings for the quarter. The largest headwind that impacted Polyurethanes' first quarter results and which have continued into the second quarter is the high level of destocking in our Americas region, specifically in our construction businesses. Remember that 2/3 of our Polyurethanes Americas' portfolio comprises of construction end markets. Approximately 40% is commercial construction, 60% is residential, of which 70% is related to new residential buildings. For composite wood products, which is linked closely to residential construction, demand was under significant pressure throughout the first quarter, with housing starts down approximately 30% year-on-year. This pressure has moderated going into the second quarter. Our spray foam business also appears to have bottomed and is now showing some slight improvements in order patterns. In our commercial-related insulation markets, the destocking continues to be aggressive and may last through most of the second quarter. Our visibility into the full supply chain is limited and it is tough to project when our customers will return to normal order patterns. While we are seeing factors such as rising interest rates placing pressure on new construction spending, about 65% of our commercial business is tied to repair and remodeling, such as reroofing, which we expect to normalize once destocking concludes. Additionally, we remain on the right side of energy efficiency drive and we will benefit from both improved building codes and the U.S. government's Inflation Reduction Act. Outside of construction, our global automotive business, which represents approximately 15% of the Polyurethanes portfolio, delivered volume improvements both sequentially and versus the first quarter. We continue to expect volumes in automotive to be up low single digits for the year. Our elastomers platform, we see stronger profitability from quarter 4 into quarter 1 on the back of margin expansion despite overall demand weakness. We are taking decisive and proactive steps to make our Polyurethanes business more efficient, stronger and better positioned for when the current challenging macro conditions abate. We continue to monitor and adjust production rates accordingly, both at Rotterdam and at Geismar, to ensure we aggressively manage our working capital with cash generation as our top priority. Furthermore, we're on track to deliver the $60 million in cost savings we've laid out for Polyurethanes as planned. This includes exiting geographies that are not generating acceptable returns and consolidating additional back office functions. We have now exited our Southeast Asia polyurethanes site, in addition to our announced exit from South America last year. We've also been working for many months towards an orderly exit from our Russian operations, while ensuring we remain fully compliant with multiple sanction regimes in a highly complex political, legal and regulatory environment. Today, Russia represents less than 1% of our corporate revenue and we are hopeful that we can complete and exit during 2023. Looking further into the second quarter, we expect to see a seasonal improvement overall. We do expect continued destocking in the United States but we see that destocking moderating as we move through the quarter. We anticipate the current improving demand trends in Europe and Asia to continue. Putting it all together, we expect Polyurethanes adjusted EBITDA for the second quarter to be in the range of $85 million to $100 million. Let's turn to Slide #6. Performance Products reported adjusted EBITDA of $71 million for the first quarter, equaling a 21% EBITDA margin, despite significantly lower demand versus the first quarter a year ago. This margin is in line with our long-term expectations of 20% to 25%. The decline in adjusted EBITDA versus the prior year was driven primarily by a 31% decline in volumes year-over-year, this is partially offset by a slight improvement in unit variable margins and lower fixed costs. The volume decline was due to lower demand across all regions, particularly in our performance amines and maleic anhydride businesses. Despite significantly lower demand year-on-year, we did see improvements quarter-on-quarter, especially in Europe and Asia, indicating that the destocking experienced in the fourth quarter is in the past. Markets where we saw positive sequential trends were construction, in coatings and adhesives, which both saw a significant destocking in the fourth quarter. We also saw modestly positive sequential trends in our product lines that serve agriculture, energy and electronic chemicals, namely semiconductor and lithium-ion batteries. Capital improvements into our differentiated performance amines products serve polyurethanes -- serving polyurethanes, insulation, EV batteries and semiconductor markets continue to move forward on schedule, as we have stated in the past. Assuming macro -- assuming stable macro conditions, we expect these projects to start up by the end of 2023. Performance Products is an attractive division and we'll continue to invest in high-return organic projects and look at possible bolt-on opportunities when available. So far, in the second quarter, overall demand continues to be below the prior year level but is running steady with the first quarter across each of our regions. We believe customer inventories are below average and we will see our volumes quickly pick up when end market demand returns. Overall, Performance Products' second quarter adjusted EBITDA should be in the range of $60 million to $70 million based on current demand visibility and with some moderate pricing pressure in ethylene amines and maleic anhydride. With that, let's turn to Slide #7. Advanced Materials reported adjusted EBITDA of $48 million in the quarter, an increase of $7 million versus fourth quarter and down versus the prior year due primarily to lower sales volumes. Destocking appears largely behind us, though we continue to see pressure on our infrastructure coatings market. Total volumes increased quarter-on-quarter and drove the adjusted EBITDA improvements. The sales volumes decline of 21% was due in part to our ongoing reduction of bulk liquid resin commodity sales. Our core specialty business was down but less than the segment average. The Americas was the weakest region due to depressed demand, primarily from our coatings, adhesives and general industrial markets. Our aerospace business continues to demonstrate improving trends. Sales were stable compared with -- to quarter 1 of 2022, primarily due to some supply chain constraints and timing impacting sales in the quarter. Our order backlog is solid and we expect growth as we move through the rest of 2023 and into 2024. The increase in demand for our products is heavily related to widebody production rates, which have positive tailwinds with increased travel and new airplane orders from airlines. Our expectations remain that this important and profitable sector will return to pre-pandemic levels during 2024. We continue to seek out bolt-on acquisitions for Advanced Materials to grow and expand the overall portfolio as well as improve the overall returns of the business. We are also continuing to move forward with organic investments, such as our Miralon business, which provide an innovative technology to capture methane, turn it into hydrogen and a carbon material that can be utilized across many different markets. While still in development, we expect to aggressively scale this business over the coming years. With lower destocking and seasonal improvements, we expect Advanced Materials to deliver improved results in the second quarter versus the first quarter. We expect second quarter adjusted EBITDA for this division to be in the range of $50 million to $56 million, with improved EBITDA margins. I will now turn over some time to our Chief Financial Officer, Phil Lister. Phil?

Thank you, Peter. Good morning. Let's turn to Slide 8. Adjusted EBITDA for the first quarter was $136 million compared to $387 million in quarter 1 of 2022 and $87 million in the prior quarter. The decline versus the prior year was driven by reduced volumes of 24% across the portfolio, particularly in construction-related markets. Americas volumes declined by 31%, Europe by 28% and Asia by 21%. As a reminder, approximately 40% to 45% of our portfolio is linked to global construction markets via commercial, residential and infrastructure spend, which all remained under pressure. Year-on-year pricing across our total portfolio was flat, while cost of sales increased by $40 million. Polyurethanes' unit variable margins declined with year-on-year pricing pressure in all regions and increased raw material costs. In Advanced Materials, we expanded unit variable margins as price improvements exceeded cost increases. While in Performance Products, we managed to maintain last year's strong unit margin performance. Sequentially, volumes improved slightly in Performance Products and Advanced Materials, while Polyurethanes volumes were lower as destocking continued throughout the quarter in addition to the normal seasonal decline. We did expand unit favorable margins from quarter 4 in all 3 divisions, improving EBITDA by $65 million, as reduced costs more than offset some downward pressure on selling prices. Raw materials, in particular, European natural gas, declined compared to the fourth quarter. This cost decline led to an improvement in European profitability and positive adjusted EBITDA for the region. We remain focused on our European restructuring efforts during 2023. SG&A costs remain under control, while inflation remains high across all of our operations around the world and delivery of our full year cost optimization savings during the remainder of the year remains paramount. SG&A as a percentage of sales was 9% on the last 12 months basis. As a reminder, we also have an increase in 2023 of approximately $40 million of noncash pension expense lowering adjusted EBITDA. Year-on-year, foreign exchange movements impacted the business by approximately $4 million as the U.S. dollar strengthened. Sequentially, we saw a benefit of approximately $3 million as the dollar weakened during the first quarter compared to the fourth quarter. Equity income from our propylene oxide joint venture in China declined compared to quarter 1 of last year by $2 million, though improved slightly sequentially. Adjusted EBITDA margins came in at 8% for the company, with all 3 divisions improving sequentially, Polyurethanes at 7% margins and Performance Products and Advanced Materials continuing to deliver higher returns at 21% and 17% margins, respectively. Let's turn to Slide 9. We concluded quarter 1 with approximately $240 million of run rate savings from our starting point in 2020. In Europe, we have now completed all of our works council negotiations and are progressing the plans we laid out at the end of last year to reduce our European cost base by approximately $40 million. Regarding our global business service operations, we're expanding our new regional service hubs in Costa Rica and in Poland to include customer service and certain supply chain roles, as we continue to build out those 2 centers. We're also addressing improvements that we can make to our manufacturing indirect costs with a focus on some of our larger facilities. In addition, as previously anticipated, we did complete our exit from our Polyurethanes Southeast Asia sites at the end of the first quarter. We expect to meet or exceed our $280 million annualized run rate target by the end of 2023. And as we guided on our last call, delivery of our 2023 savings amounts to an in-year benefit of approximately $80 million compared to 2022, excluding the impact of inflation and the increase in noncash pension expense. Turning to Slide 10. First quarter operating cash flow from continuing operations was an outflow of $122 million driven by lower levels of profitability, a seasonal adverse movement in working capital as well as our annual insurance premium payment. Free cash flow for the first quarter was an outflow of $168 million and our last 12-month free cash flow-to-adjusted EBITDA conversion ratio stands at 41%, excluding proceeds we received from the Albemarle settlement in quarter 2 of 2022. Capital expenditures from continuing operations was $46 million for the first quarter and we remain on track with our Performance Products' projects targeted at energy saving insulation, semiconductors and electric vehicles. As a reminder, given the current economic environment and state of the construction markets, we have reduced our targeted capital spend by approximately 10% compared to 2022, to a range of $240 million to $250 million for the year. During the quarter, we completed the sale of our Textile Effects division to Archroma. As previously indicated, we expect final net cash proceeds from the sale of approximately $500 million after tax and after customary closing statement adjustments. We closed out the quarter with $2 billion in liquidity and net debt leverage of 1x based upon the last 12 months adjusted EBITDA. As we progress through the year, we would expect our leverage ratio to climb from its current level given a decrease in LTM adjusted EBITDA. Our balance sheet remains investment grade and we continue to be committed to a balanced capital allocation policy. Adjusted earnings per share for the first quarter was $0.20 per share. Our 2023 increased dividend is in place at $0.95 per share, a 12% increase over 2022 and dividend yield is currently approximately 3.5%. We repurchased $101 million of shares in the first quarter, consistent with the guidance we gave on our prior call and in line with a total return of capital yield to shareholders of approximately 10% at current levels of market capitalization. Peter, back to you.

Thank you, Phil. Having taken some time and read the comments from analysts regarding this quarter's results and, seemingly more important, any view of Q2 and the second half of this year, I'm reminded of the fairy tale of Goldilocks and the 3 bears, where Goldilocks was on a quest to find the perfect temperature for her newfound gruel and comfortable sleeping quarters. Everything was too hot or too cold, too soft or too hot. It seems that every forecast is either too aggressive and thusly unbelievable, or too conservative and thusly unbearable. I shall attempt to share a forecast wherein I hope not to share the same fate as Goldilocks being discovered by a family of hungry bears. There are 3 macro indicators that we need to see for the continuation of improvement to more normalized earnings. The first of these conditions is our North American market. We need to see an improvement in the massive destocking that we've seen in the fourth and going into the first quarter. This is not to say that we need to return to last year's build rate of 1.7 million homes but rather just a stabilization to the present level of housing starts. While new home starts have dropped 25%, our demand has dropped much more as builders work through their supply of building materials. It is our hope that we will see a return to demand consistent with today's numbers and housing starts. I believe that our spray foam business has moved through its inventory and our OSB business is quite close, as orders are now starting to recover. Some building materials used in commercial buildings and warehouses, I think, will take as long as the rest of Q2 to work through its remaining inventory. We will see an improvement in North American demand when we work through our inventory and another step-up when we see a recovery in the number of home starts returning to last year's numbers. We are seeing signs that much of our MDI that goes into the construction market is modestly improving and inventory levels are stabilizing. The second macro indicator we're following is European energy. As we look to our European businesses, we continue to see the impact and headwinds of higher energy costs. While we are seeing lower natural gas prices than any time in the last 2 years, they're still 6x higher than in North America. These higher prices are also taking a toll on consumer spending and confidence. Europe has been enjoying low energy costs due to unusual weather conditions and slower economic activities. Europe's overreliance on a fundamentally unreliable energy source, while also paying for reliable backup energy production, is rendering the region uncompetitive on the global economic stage. I am concerned when I see forward electricity prices in France for this upcoming winter at near-record prices, that we are not improving a system that is simply not working. While we are all in hopes of lower energy cost, this is hardly a solution. We will continue to cut costs and do whatever we can to offset these higher costs. At the same time, we'll focus on those markets in Europe that will prosper, such as aerospace, energy conservation and insulation, lightweighting, adhesion and the automotive industry. Finally, the third macro indicator is the Chinese economy. We continue to see improvements in demand as this massive economy reemerges from COVID lockdown. Having visited some of our sites in China, this past week, I have a renewed sense of optimism that this recovery will continue and should lead to higher prices and margins. In short, we're seeing demand improve across a number of our business groups. This will obviously improve as inventory levels return to better match day-to-day demand. We are maintaining our market share, lowering our costs, pushing for higher prices where we can and looking for ways to create faster shareholder value. We remain optimistic that this recovery continues, while also preserving our investment-grade balance sheet and continuing to reduce costs, should this recovery prove to be transitory. These steps will allow us to take full advantage of improving markets as they happen. With that, Maria, I'll turn the time back over to you and let's start the question-and-answer session.

[Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from Mike Harrison with Seaport Research Partners.

Peter, I was wondering if you could maybe give us some thoughts on how you expect the second half to unfold. Obviously, you've given us your Q2 outlook that includes still a lot of destocking. But as that destocking subsides, it seems like we could see a pretty substantial step-up in EBITDA in Q3. Maybe talk about some of the puts and takes that you're seeing in the second half.

Well, Mike, thank you very much. I think, yes, if we look at the second half, I don't expect that we'll still be anywhere in the mode of destocking. That's not to say that everything is going to be destocked by July 1. But I think it will be through the vast majority of that. As I think about the biggest area of concern for me, which is our U.S. MDI, where 2/3 of that goes into the construction market. I kind of break that out into 3 areas. So 40% of that going into our spray foam business, the Huntsman Building Solutions, of which I think all that inventory has basically been depleted, if you will. 30% goes into composite wood production. And I think that inventory is fast normalizing. The price for composite wood panels and orders, I think, are both stabilizing, which are very good signs for us. So I think that's pretty much run its course. As I look at the other 30% of that 2/3 construction demand of MDI in North America, well, that's going into what I'd consider to be the composite insulation panel. That's going to be everything from roofing on warehouses to siding on office buildings and those sort of miscellaneous applications. That -- I think, that 30%, probably has another month or so to go. Again, I don't have perfect vision into that. So yes, I think by the end of this quarter, when I look at the biggest areas that have been impacted in the business around destocking, mainly North American MDI, I think that we're pretty much done with that. I also think in the second half we're not going to continue to see the impact of lockdowns, coming out of lockdowns in China and the Chinese New Year celebration and so forth, which typically is a drag on our Q1 numbers. And so again, as I sit here today, having just returned from China a couple of days ago and met with our -- face-to-face with our sales management and our various teams in China and so forth, there is quite a bit of a sense of optimism and so forth. I don't think that China is going to come flying back and have a full recovery in the quarter. But I think it's going to continue to be a gradual improvement between now and the end of the year, which ought to help tip the balance on a more optimistic view at least of the second half of the year. So as I think about Advanced Materials and Performance Products, I think for the most part, the inventory levels of that destocking in those areas is largely either depleted or rather de minimis. And it has more to do with just pricing competition and overall demand. And looking at something like Performance Products, our margins on a per pound basis really haven't moved in the last year. What we've struggled with in Performance Products is the overall demand and the overall volume that's in that business. And as that volume recovers, obviously, you'll see the profitability in that business recovers as well. And I think that will certainly be a second half event. In the second quarter, as I said in my prepared remarks, we're seeing rather flat demand from Q1 to Q2 with some pressure on the pricing in some of our products. So I think as we look across the board, deinventorying is going to become less and less of an issue. I think raw materials hopefully will stabilize. We continue to keep an eye on Europe. And -- but again, as I try to look out in the second half, I want to be absolutely clear here. Yesterday, we were all running around worrying about regional banks that were dropping by double-digit percentages. And this morning, seemingly that crisis is over and all the regional banks are up double digits. The market lost $0.5 trillion in value yesterday. And today, we've gained $0.5 trillion. So I don't want to get so transfixed in the second half of the year that we're ignoring the day-to-day impacts that we're seeing in the macro global economies. And I think what is important is that we stay focused on controlling those things around cost, having a quality customer base, matching our production and working capital with the demands in the market. And when the recovery does come, that we are there to take full advantage of it as quickly as anybody else in the market. So Mike, sorry about the long rambling there but I think it's a very good question. And that should tell you that there are some positive issues in the second half but I also haven't much clarity for the next 48 hours.

Our next question comes from Michael Sison with Wells Fargo.

This is Abigail on for Mike. So I wanted to follow up on your -- you said that you're managing production to meet lower levels of demand, just wanted to get a feel for where your MDI operating rates are about now. And realistically, how low you could bring them in order to meet lower levels of demand.

Well, I think that the lower levels of demand was probably more of a fourth quarter issue. We are seeing demand improving in the first quarter and going into the second quarter. We did reduce our rates in -- at our Rotterdam facility when we saw demand plummet at the end of last year. And those rates were -- our operating rates were in the high 60s, around 70% utilization rates. We are now seeing that we're able to sell more than that. So we will be operating all of our MDI lines, albeit at a reduced rate, but all of our MDI lines will be operating back in Rotterdam. We'll be producing those as we're able to satisfy the needs of the marketplace. I would say that across the board, we're probably seeing a 70% to 80% utilization rate. And that's going to vary, obviously. If you look at the United States and the North American market, it's much higher than that, if I were to assume that the imports that are presently coming into North America, were stripped out. But nevertheless, I think you've got to look at, at least on the polymeric side of MDI, you've got to look at that as somewhat of a global market.

Our next question comes from David Begleiter with Deutsche Bank.

Peter, back on to Chinese MDI, how impactful of imports of those products into the U.S. have been? And when do you think the recovery in China could forestall further imports of Chinese MDI into the U.S.?

Well, I think the Chinese imports coming into the U.S. is around 20%. And that's pretty much -- I think that's pretty well kind of matched the economy, as the economy slowed down and picked back up. I don't get a sense that there's a flood of Chinese material coming into the U.S. and that's somehow is a drag on pricing and so forth. So as China recovers and continues to see demand, obviously, Chinese production is much better off being produced and sold in China and they're going to make a lot more money selling it in China. And I would assume that, that will be a deterrent when that demand continues -- as that demand continues to improve, that will be a deterrent to export. But look, there's Chinese production that is -- I think is probably going to be coming into the U.S. on a permanent basis, as a large Chinese producer has a commitment to this industry and to supply a certain segment of it. But I don't see that product awash in this market to the detriment of the market.

Our next question comes from Frank Mitsch with Fermium Research.

Peter, you indicated that you're going to restart the lines in Geismar and in Rotterdam this quarter. I'm just curious how we think about the sequential improvement coming from restarting those plants and what the restraint on profitability might have been in the first quarter. And then also, obviously, congratulations on completing the sale of Textile Effects. I was wondering if there was scope for -- now that, that business is kind of -- if there was scope for improvement in terms of your corporate expenses, in terms of maybe rightsizing that. Any help there will be very helpful.

Yes. I'll let Phil comment on the overall corporate expenses. The bottom line, of course, we are and we're trying to look at making sure those expenses match our company size, is -- I want to be very clear. When we talk about restarting MDI lines, right now, we've announced the restart of Rotterdam and the restart of Geismar has yet to take place. We've not made a decision yet to restart that facility. And in order to do that, we'll need probably about 2 months or so lead time to get that plant, to get that, that vital facility up and going in full. So yes, as I look at the amount of profit, Frank, I want to be very clear. I don't think we've been constrained by not having that second line running in Rotterdam. What we've seen is the amount of inventory that we have in Rotterdam and the capacity of the existing plant has now reached -- according to our sales forecast and the orders we have on the books, have now exceeded that 70% of production and we need more production in order to meet demand. And so again, we'll be running all of the lines in Rotterdam, which is 2. But that doesn't mean that we're going to just be running at 100% and flogging the market. I'd say that both those plants -- both those lines together, we'll be running at around 80% utilization rate.

On the corporate expenses, Frank, I think we've guided on the last call to about $175 million in 2023. It's actually down from 2022 once you strip out about a $20 million benefit that we got from transactional FX in corporate last year. So we will be down year-on-year. And as Peter said, we'll continue to focus on that. When we sold Textile Effects, we removed all of the costs, all of the costs that were allocated directly to Textile Effects. So you'll have a combination of all those costs have gone and corporate costs down year-on-year once you take account of FX. And as Peter said, our focus is on completing our overall cost savings program, our cost optimization program, where we're targeting in total additional $80 million year-on-year of cost savings. Thank you.

Our next question comes from Aleksey Yefremov with KeyBanc Capital Markets.

Peter, could you talk about your costs in MDI in Europe, how do they compare currently to your U.S. assets, China assets? And are you exporting any MDI from the U.S. to Europe?

Yes. I think that when we look at the gives and takes on all of these things, here in the U.S., we have a bit higher chlorine and caustic costs than in -- but we've got lower energy costs in the U.S and Europe. We're advantaged when we look at such things as tariffs and so forth, where you've got a -- if you're selling -- moving product to China, for example, in the U.S. you've got a 25%, 30% tariff, whereas in Europe, you're looking at a single digit. So there's internal and there are external forces as you look at this whole thing -- as you look at these. But by and large, the gap between Rotterdam, without getting into too much specificity on a cost per ton basis, it's fair to say the gap between the 3 regions has now shrunk to a point where they're all within freight distance. Or say, if you think about the cost of freight between the 3 regions, they're all lower than that. So there is not a lot of advantage, unless you're desperately short of particular tonnage, there's not a lot of advantage of moving from one region to the other.

Our next question comes from Arun Viswanathan with RBC Capital Markets.

Great. So first off, on the outlook. If you kind of look at the first half versus second half, and I know this question was asked earlier, but what is it going to take, is it, really just come down to kind of China recovering, maybe some better construction or automotive trends? What is it going to take for maybe a little bit better performance in the second half? And when you think about that, the destocking, is it really -- you noted that it was maybe a little bit more pronounced in North America. So is that kind of in construction areas? Or where specifically are you seeing that?

Yes, I'd say that the destocking is probably -- as you look at it on a global basis, it's, 3/4 of that destocking is taking place in North America. And I think that's where you -- we've seen the greatest concentration of that taking place in the building materials in U.S. housing. That's not to say that we couldn't see other destocking take place. But Europe, by and large after COVID, stayed in a pretty lethargic state. Whereas the U.S., the housing boom after COVID in the last 12 to 24 months has really gone up considerably. And it's come down. There was a lot of stock that was built up. Think of 1 year, 1.5 years ago when MDI was short, not just MDI but a lot of building materials were very short, so a lot of people were buying excessive amounts of materials and stockpiling it. So again, it's not just an MDI issue in the U.S. housing market. A number of raw materials from lumber all the way up through, that's going. So when we talk about a deinventorying process that takes place, it's not just around MDI or around a particular chemical, it's largely the whole chain. So again, I believe that in North America, where I think that you have the greatest opportunity for improvement relative to where we are today, if we could get through that, that destocking, I think that starts to give us price leverage and it gives us improved volume. But again, you're going to be selling into a housing market, a housing start market, that is 25%, again smaller than it was a year ago. And as that now improves, the number of homes being built and that's going to be a whole number of issues from demand to mortgage rates to consumer confidence and so forth, as that number increases from its present 1.2 million, 1.3 million homes per year sort of run rate, back up to its 1.6 million, 1.7 million run rate that we saw a year ago, you'll see another push forward demand and another opportunity for pricing improvement. So I think in North America, again, you're going to be seeing a lot of kind of a multistep. Europe, I think, you're going to have to just say a continued across the board GDP improvement, coupled with an energy policy that needs to be established and needs to allow manufacturing to be competitive. It's not going to help us a whole lot if you see a recovery in the economy in Europe and energy remains -- for electricity and for natural gas and natural gas byproducts that remain 5x, 10x higher than the rest of the world. So there's got to be some sort of a change and continuous improvement takes place there. Again, in China, I think that one's just a question as to how quickly do they get back to, "a normalized run rate?" I am -- as optimistic as I am, I think that it's going to be a steady but gradual improvement between now and the end of the year.

Our next question comes from Kieran De Brun with Mizuho.

You clearly have a very strong capital position now after closing the Textile business. You have cash flow that's being generated in the back half of the year. How should we think about your capital deployment priorities? And how does M&A, if at all, now fit into your story going forward?

Yes. Thanks, Kieran, for the question. As we said, a balanced approach to capital in terms of policy, making sure that we maintain our investment grade, which in general, over time, is a net debt leverage ratio of 2x. We have said that we would deploy approximately $400 million of cash into share repurchases this year. We feel that, that is competitive from an overall return to shareholders' perspective. But we do have the flexibility and the leverage, particularly with the portfolio we have going forward, to deploy cash into M&A. And in order of priority, very clearly for us, Advanced Materials is an area that we would like to seek out bolt-on acquisitions, as we did during the COVID time frame where we added CVC, Gabriel to our portfolio, horizontal plays in Advanced Materials. And we would look to build up that business as bolt-on acquisitions become available and as they become available from a value perspective. In general, if you look over the past couple of years, they've been pretty high and we've therefore stayed on the sidelines. We think, going forward, there should be some value to businesses. But balanced approach overall and we've got a strong enough balance sheet to be able to do both.

Our next question comes from Laurence Alexander with Jefferies.