Lumax Industries Limited (517206) Q3 FY2026 Earnings Call Transcript & Summary

Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to the Quarter 3 and Nine Months FY '26 Earnings Conference Call of Lumax Industries Limited. This conference call may contain forward-looking statements about the company, which are based on the beliefs, opinions and expectations of the company as on the date of this call. These statements do not guarantee the future performance of the company, and it may involve risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. [Operator Instructions] Please note that this conference is being recorded. I now hand the conference over to Mr. Deepak Jain, Chairman and Managing Director of Lumax Industries Limited. Thank you, and over to you, sir.

Thank you very much. Good morning, and thank you for joining us for the Lumax Industries Limited Q3 and Nine Month FY '26 Earnings Conference Call. I'm joined by our leadership team, including Mr. Anmol Jain, the Joint Managing Director; Mr. Sanjay Mehta, Group CFO; Mr. Ravi Teltia, the CFO of the company; Mr. Naval Khanna, the Corporate Head of Taxation; Ms. Priyanka Sharma, Head of Corporate Communication. I would also like to introduce Ms. Surabhi Chandna, who is joined on this call as the Group Head of Investor Relations and Value Creation and along with our Investor Relations adviser, SGA. The results and investor presentations have already been submitted to the stock exchanges and are available on the company's website, and we trust that you've had the opportunity to review them. I will begin by giving an overview of the economy, followed by the automotive industry performance and the company updates. India's economic momentum remains strong and supported by resilient domestic demand and steady structural reforms. The economy continues to grow at a pace that places India among the fastest-growing major economies globally. The recent union budget reinforces this momentum with a clear focus on growth, stability and long-term competitiveness. At the same time, the sustained push on public capital expenditure, particularly across infrastructure, manufacturing and logistics is expected to strengthen supply chains, enhance private investment and generate employment. Together, these levers of consumption support and public CapEx are expected to drive economic growth. In parallel, recent developments on the trade front, including the U.S. trade agreement and progress on the EU FDA should be positive for the industry over the medium term by improving market access and competitiveness. Now regarding the automotive sector, the momentum remains really strong with the industry continuing to fire on all cylinders. The union budget has reinforced this outlook through a higher allocation under the PLI Auto scheme for FY '27. In addition, a INR 40,000 crore outlay for the electronic manufacturing program is set to enhance domestic capabilities in semiconductors, sensors and power electronics that are critical for modern and electric vehicles. On the quarterly industry performance, despite Q3 being a seasonally weak period, the automotive industry has delivered its best ever third quarter. As per SIAM production data for October to December quarter, the passenger vehicle production stood at across -- about 14 lakh units, up 19% year-on-year. 2-wheelers were around 68.1 lakh units, up 15% year-on-year. 3-wheelers are roughly at about 3.5 lakh units, up about 35% year-on-year and commercial vehicles are close to 2.9 lakh units, up 18% year-on-year. This broad-based growth has been driven by three key factors: improved affordability following the GST rate reductions, benefits from personal income tax relief, enhancing disposable income and successive repo rate cuts by the RBI, which have eased financing cost and supported demand across vehicle categories. Overall, this robust performance in H2 has led to 2025 being the best year for the Indian automotive industry across segments. The year-end sales push, healthy pipeline of bookings and the full transmission of 2025 rate cuts into lending rates are expected to support demand, pointing to continued growth momentum into 2026, '27. Regarding the Lumax Industries, we are proudly reporting our best quarterly performance in the history of our operations. Revenues for the quarter grew by 18.7% year-on-year to INR 1,053 crores with improvement on profitability front with EBITDA of 10.6% for Q3 FY '26 compared to 8% in the same period last year. The Indian automotive lighting industry today stands at the cusp of significant technological transformation. And as vehicles become smarter, safer and more design-led, lighting has evolved from a functional component to a key element of safety, differentiation and brand identity. With the rapid shift of LED technology, advanced lighting systems, GRLs and signature designs, the content per vehicle continues to rise. This structural premiumization presents a strong value opportunity and Lumax Industries is well positioned to benefit from the increasing technology intensity per vehicle. Over the years, we have evolved alongside the industry and in many ways, led its advancements. Through our long-standing partnership with Stanley, a global leader in automotive lighting, we have introduced cutting-edge technologies to the Indian market, elevating design, engineering and quality standards. This has strengthened our product portfolio and enhanced our kit value across platforms. On the order book front, current order book stands at INR 1,759 crores. We have secured multiple new orders from leading OEMs across segments, further strengthening order book. In the passenger vehicle segment, we have won orders from Tata Motors for the newly launched Sierra, where we'll be supplying the front foglamps and auxiliary tail lamps. We have also secured business for the Tata Punch facelift, supplying the front DRLs and the position lamps. Our team executed the Punch lighting project at exceptional speed, transforming the concept into a delivered product in the shortest possible time line. In the 3-wheeler segment, we have also received orders from Mahindra for the Last Mile Mobility e-rickshaws, where we'll be supplying headlamps, tail lamps and reflex reflectors. In the 2-wheeler segment, we have won a prestigious order from TVS for the flagship Apache RTX300 for the supply of headlamps. On the CapEx front, our Bengaluru Plant expansion to support Maruti and Toyota's upcoming models is progressing as planned and is expected to be commissioned from Q4 FY '27. Additionally, Phase 2 of our Chakan facility remains on schedule to commence operations from Q4 FY '26 and will primarily cater to the requirements of Skoda and Volkswagen, further strengthening our presence with global OEM partners. Overall, supported by strong industry tailwinds and backed by our proven capabilities, deep OEM partnerships and technology focus, we are well positioned to strengthen our leadership position. We remain confident of staying at the forefront of automotive lighting industry while driving sustainable growth and long-term value creation. I now hand over the call to our CFO for Mr. Ravi Teltia for updates on operational and financial performance. Please go ahead, Ravi.

Thank you, sir. Good morning, everyone. I'll walk you through the key operational and financial highlights for the quarter and nine months ended 31st December 2025. As our CMD mentioned earlier, we have delivered our best performance to date across all key parameters. Starting with the quarter ended 31st December 2025, our total operating revenue stood at INR 1,053 crore, reflecting a strong year-on-year growth of 18.7%. This was largely driven by robust growth in our manufacturing business, where revenues grew 35.8% year-on-year to INR 1,014 crores. EBITDA, excluding exceptional items for the quarter came in at INR 112 crore, a growth of 57.3% Y-o-Y. Our EBITDA margin improved to 10.6%. The margin expansion was supported by operating leverage, improved performance across plants and content per vehicle. Profit after tax, including share of associates stood at INR 47 crores, up 39% year-on-year with a PAT margin of 4.4%. I would like to highlight that this is after accounting for a onetime impact of INR 15.9 crore related to the implementation of new labor cost. Now looking at the performance for the nine months of FY '26. Total operating revenue stood at INR 2,984 crore, reflecting a healthy growth of 20.5% year-on-year. EBITDA was INR 287 crore, up 41.2% with a margin at 9.6%, demonstrating consistent improvement in profitability. PAT for the nine months period stood at INR 118 crores, a growth of 23% with a margin of 4%. Once again, this includes the onetime labor for impact of INR 15.9 crores. Overall, the number reflects strong execution, improving operating efficiency and sustained momentum across our business. Let me now move to our operational performance. With a continued rise in LED penetration across the automotive industry, our revenue mix clearly reflects the structural shift. LED lighting contributes over 61% of our revenue compared to 52% in the same quarter last year. We expect this share to increase further going ahead as nearly 81% of our current order book is LED based, giving a strong alignment with future market demand and good revenue visibility. For the nine month period, the passenger vehicle segment continues to anchor our portfolio, driven by higher complexity and increased content per vehicle. PV contributed 65% of revenue, while 2-wheeler accounted for 29% and the balance 6% came from other segments. The order book mirrors this mix with nearly 2/3 coming from PV lighting and most of the remainder coming from 2-wheeler segment. From a product standpoint, front lighting, given its higher technological intensity and safety relevance contributed around 69% of revenue. Real lighting accounted for 22%, reflecting the growing importance of styling and design differentiation with the balance coming from other lighting products. Coming to capital expenditure. As mentioned earlier --our overall CapEx plans are progressing well. CapEx for the full year FY '26 will be INR 350 crores to INR 400 crores, up from the earlier guided number of INR 220 crores to INR 260 crores in our previous calls. However, this is largely due to advancement of CapEx driven by customer project time lines and related long lead time of machines and equipment, particularly for our Bengaluru new plant, wherein we are expediting execution. Overall, the two-year outlook, FY '26 and FY '27 on CapEx remains broadly unchanged. We continue to repay our long-term loans with improved margins and extended credit, our net debt to EBITDA is expected to continue to reduce. With this, we would like to open the floor for questions. Thank you.

Thank you very much sir. [Operator Instructions] The first question is from the line of Vijay Pandey from Nuvama.

Hi, thank you for taking my questions and congratulations for an excellent quarter and [seven] set of numbers. I have a couple of questions. First on the margin expansion. So, our EBITDA margin increased by 260 basis point, more than 250 basis point year-on-year. So just wanted to understand how much sustainable is this level of EBITDA margin? And also, should we expect further increase from here because some of our peers have an EBITDA margin of around 12%, 13%. So, can we go to that level or is 10%, 11% is going to be the longer --long-term perspective? So, if you can just help me understand both the short-term, midterm outlook as well as our long-term outlook on the margin front?

Sure. So, this is Anmol Jain. I'll take that question. So, number one, I think you're absolutely right, quarter three has been a significantly higher margin, but part of that is aided by an exceptional tooling profitability as well. If you take out the tooling profitability, still we have inched forward in terms of EBITDA margins on a consecutive quarter 2 to quarter 3 basis. Tooling, as you know, is very, very cyclical. It depends on the new product launches. But we are very confident that we will continue to progressively increase our EBITDA margins. We've safely probably secured in the double-digit EBITDA margins now. We do expect for the full year also to perhaps have a similar EBITDA deliverable in terms of double-digit margin. And coming to your question on 12%, 13%, I think, yes, going forward, that is our endeavor. But perhaps in the next two years or so, we should be able to get close to those margin levels as well. But we are pretty confident that we'll get there.

Okay, sir. Thank you. Secondly, I wanted to understand how the industry outlook in terms of lighting [indiscernible] We understand that LED penetration has been increasing, especially in the 2-wheeler side. But what is -- if you can highlight a little bit about what is happening on the passenger vehicle side and what will be the growth drivers going forward in the mid-term to long run scenario?

So, on the industry side, again, I think there is -- as you know, the production numbers across segments have seen a very encouraging upward trend in quarter 3. Coming specifically for the lighting, I think the passenger vehicle continues to be one of the key factor where almost 65% of the total lighting for us is -- I mean, the market size is on passenger exterior lighting, again, because it has a very high significant contribution per vehicle. We remain focused on expanding our wallet share across key customers. Our order book, which is at about INR 1,760 crores is again a testimony of the same. We've had some significant wins. Maruti Suzuki is almost 1/3 of our order book. So again, we are expanding our wallet share, both in front lighting as well as in rear lighting as long as the passenger vehicle is concerned. And we continue to again progress on the 2-wheeler aspect as well. We are enjoying the leadership wallet share in certain OEMs like HMSI as well as Hero MotoCorp. And I think the endeavor is to grow certain key accounts where the company has recently entered like TVS.

Okay, very helpful sir. And lastly, if you can also help us, are you also planning to get into the ambient lighting in the passenger vehicle segment? And do you plan to get into the commercial vehicle space also because that is going to be an up cycle. So, are we planning to get there that in the commercia vehicle space?

So commercial vehicle is a small part of the pie today. It's about 6% of our total revenue. But again, we do see certain technological evolution, technological changes in the commercial vehicle space. And again, we are continuously engaged with certain OEMs. So we do expect the commercial vehicle piece of the pie to also expand, but it will definitely be always overshadowed by the growth we see in something like a passenger car and maybe the two-wheeler just because of sheer volumes than the value per vehicle. So that's on the CV part. In terms of ambient lighting, while the company does have one specific ambient lighting order, which is under development with one of the OEMs, but that's a category which largely is something which is not a core of this company, and we would perhaps cater to that from the other group company.

Okay. And sir, what is the industry mix in the passenger vehicle between LED and conventional light industry mix and versus our mix? And how is this expected to grow?

Currently, we see our LED share is 60-plus percent and industry is running somewhere around close to 50%. So of course, as we mention that LED is more a hygiene today, and it is becoming more and more and that's been reflected in our order book as well. So, we see that industry will also expand and our share of LED and electronics will also expand in coming days.

And there some realization benefit in terms of LED and conventional or good similar price?

Yes. So basically, it differs model to model. But in general, because electronics has higher import content and content for vehicle in electronics-based lighting is somewhere range from 2x to 5x, 6x that way.

[Operator Instructions] The next question is from the line of Saurabh Jain from Sunidhi Securities. Please go ahead.

Congratulations, sir, for the wonderful set of numbers. We have surpassed our initial guidance, which we had given at the beginning of the year by a wide margin. And so, sir, my first question connects to two things, CapEx and revenue. So, we are getting into the fructifying stage of Chakan Phase 2 where the CapEx has already been done, major CapEx, and this would be the quarter where commercial production would begin. And you had guided that in FY '27, the expected revenue can be around INR 250 crore to INR 300 crore. Now we had -- in the last quarter also, we had revised our CapEx guidance from INR 180 crore to INR 220 crore to INR 260 crore. And now we are again elevating that to INR 350 crore to INR 400 crore. Now our Bangalore facility where the major CapEx would be in FY '27, and we were expecting revenue of almost INR 450 crore in FY '28. So how all these things are shaping up for FY '27 and FY '28 based on our current order book and the new CapEx, what kind of growth should one expect?

Yes. Thank you. So basically, first on the Plant 3 Phase 2 part, you rightly mentioned that project is ready to go for SOP. And as per our previous guidelines in this quarter, month of March, most likely, March or April, sometime the SOP of the models will start and ramp up will take up in FY '27 to INR 250 crore to INR 300 crore. As far as the Bangalore facility is there, it's a new facility, which is under development at this stage. And the expected business start would be somewhere around quarter 4 of FY '27. On the CapEx guidelines, as I mentioned, for the two years, that is current FY '26 and FY '27, we are maintaining our overall guideline. Only thing is to -- like preloading in the current financial year to speed up the execution as well as the customer time lines meeting requirements. But overall, the CapEx is same, as we mentioned earlier.

So INR 350 crores to INR 400 crores for FY '26 and next year would be?

Next year would be somewhere around INR 100 crores to INR 150 crores.

Okay. So sir, that brings me to the top line growth for FY '27 and '28?

And in terms of top line growth for next financial year, we are looking at somewhere around close to 20-plus percentage. And overall, for next 3 to 5 years, we are maintaining our guidelines of 15% to 20%.

Okay. And sir, my next question is on EBITDA front. So last quarter, we had an impact of Forex fluctuations of 70 to 80 basis points. And this quarter, you mentioned that there was some tooling profitability. So apart from tooling profitability, was there any impact of Forex in this quarter?

No. Actually, this quarter, as such, there is no impact on -- of the Forex gain or loss.

Okay. And what would be the quantum of tooling profitability that was exceptional in this quarter approximately?

So, it should be about, give or take, INR 10 crores, which would be over and above what we usually do. If I look at an average, we do about INR 5 crores of profit on a quarter on a tooling. If you look at the last few quarters, this quarter has been exceptional because of certain key parts. So yes, I would say INR 10 crores would be an extraordinary gain from tooling in the quarter.

Got it, sir. That's helpful. My last question is on the localization front. Earlier, we had stated that we aim to increase localization to around 25% to 30%. I think we have -- we had already reached that level, and we were aiming for 50% to 60%, mainly through PCB assemblies and certain electronics. So, any update on that? And, also if you can just give the revenue numbers for SL Lumax for this quarter and nine months and how has been the growth during these nine months? And what's the outlook for FY'27?

The localization is going well. I think overall, yes, we are upwards of 30% to 35% today. But again, it depends on the product category. For example, in something like connectors, we are at about 35% to 40% localization. But on a PCB, the bare board PCB, we've already achieved close to 70% localization. The SMT is 100% localized. And again, some LED modules and projectors are still high on the imported front. So, it's a mixed bag. There are a few components which have a higher localization opportunity in the near term. Some will take a longer term, and some will continue to be imported for now like the LED modules. But overall, I think we are progressing well coming from 10%-15%, we've reached a 30%-35% overall localization level. On SL Lumax, I'll let Ravi answer that.

On SL Lumax in the quarter 3, as we see that they have reported a growth. Their Pune facility is now operational with platform October '25. Therefore, they have reported somewhere around 15-plus percentage of revenue growth. On a nine-month basis, because the quarter 1 and quarter 2 were a little lean, so they are close to flat, I would say, compared to last financial year nine months. So, in terms of revenue for nine months its... yes.

Nine months revenue was how much, sir?

Revenue for nine months in the current financial year compared to last financial year is almost flat.

Sir, what was the number?

Amount is -- overall number is INR 2,160 crore.

Okay. And how is the outlook for FY'27 for SL Lumax?

Outlook for the current financial year, most likely they will close somewhere around INR 2,700 crores to INR 2,800 crores that's the outlook, but it all depends on how the market will shape up.

[Operator Instructions] The next question is from the line of Ronak Jain from Equirus Securities.

Congratulations on good set of numbers and thank you for giving me the opportunity. So, my question is on LED penetration. So, you mentioned that 60% of your revenues currently come from LED, but that is in terms of value. So I was looking on how -- what is the LED penetration in terms of volumes in 2-wheelers and PVs for the industry currently?

So, it's a difficult thing to tell you exactly because I would assume that the penetration of LED by volume would be close to about perhaps 70%-80%. Please understand by volume, I'm saying, by value, it drops because, again, when you look at the headlamp, which is a higher content per vehicle on a 2-wheeler, that only has a part of the function, which is an LED. The main lighting is still from a halogen bulb. So again, it's a partial LED lamp, not a full LED lamp. But when it comes to a tail lamp, we do see that there is a higher penetration of LED as a technology and the full lamp itself is based on LED, along with the blinkers as well, which are more and more getting into the LED space. So again, by volume, I would say it would be pretty higher than value. But again, there's a mixed bag between a headlamp and a tail lamp.

Yes. So just a follow-up on this. So, you said by volume, it would be higher, but in general, LEDs have higher content per vehicle, right? So, shouldn't it be that by volume, LEDs would be lower penetration compared to value?

No, are you talking about 2-wheelers specifically? Or are you talking about the whole industry in pass cars as well?

2-wheelers and pass car separately, like you can tell us about both the things.

So again, from a volume perspective, I would say almost inorganic. There are a lot of smaller lamps, which are not on a LED. As I said, when you say it's a LED lamp for us, it's a partial LED. So again, the value content per vehicle is a mixed bag between how much LED value is going on to that lamp versus how much conventional technologies are still used on that lamp. We don't classify that as a 100% value towards, accruing towards LED if there are certain other halogen or certain other technologies in play. So again, from a volume perspective, yes, most of the lamps today have some part of function as an LED technology. And that's why when we report, we say that almost close to 80% of our order book is -- 81% is on LED lighting. But again, from a value-wise, it would tend to be lower because there is also a lot of lamps we make, which are non-LED, which are more conventional technologies today.

Okay. Got it, sir. Just one last question. So, can you specifically tell like what would be the penetration for headlamps like in LED in both 2-wheelers and PV, LED penetration in headlamps?

Yes. So basically, if we see overall our business has roughly around 70% is coming from front lighting. So front lighting is not only the headlamp, it's a combination of all type of lighting. And from our PV segment, today, we are driving roughly around 55% to 60% from LED base. So by that logic, if we do, then that must be the LED contribution comes from the front lighting.

[Operator Instructions] The next question is from the line of Neeraj from Damac Capital.

Congrats to the management team. We are finally at double-digit margins, which we have been aiming for so many years. So commendable effort. My question was around our revenue split. So, if you see for the nine months, Maruti is, let's say, 26% of our revenue and also it forms a significant part of our order book. Just wanted to understand out of this 26%, what percentage of revenue can be attributable to which is -- which Maruti is in turn exporting? So, can you elaborate on that?

Well, we are on a few models. We do not specifically track out of the total revenue of Maruti, what percentage of Maruti's revenue is coming out of export models, but we are present on various platforms, which Maruti Suzuki does export out for the other countries. But again, for us, it is the same lamp, which goes on the export for the domestic side. So, it's very difficult for us to give you a very detailed breakup as to what kind of revenue comes out of the export vehicles.

Understood. And just coming back to the margin commentary, I did hear your views that like there were some one-offs as well on the tooling side. But will it be fair to assume that whatever margins, EBITDA margins we did in Q3, it is like the base and from this, we will build on -- onwards because more and more capacities will come online. So, there will be some operating leverage as well. Will that be a correct way to look at it?

Yes, absolutely. I think if you take out the extraordinary gain on the tooling, you would see that our margins have expanded based on the previous quarters. And I think this definitely should be a solid foundation for us to progressively now further enhance and expand the margins in the coming quarters. So, I think we do see -- we are quite optimistic on expanding our margins, not just in Q4, but going into FY '27 as well on again, the back of operational efficiencies with the 15%-20% growth as well as better capacity utilizations.

[Operator Instructions] The next question is from the line of Nipun Khemka from CD Research.

So, my question is how much development of new products integral to our future [growth]

Sorry, could you repeat that question?

Yes, sure, sir. So specifically regarding new products, so how much development of new products integral to our future [growth].

EV products?

No, sorry, new products, new.

So if I understand correctly, you're asking me part of the order book, how much is the EV business?

No, no. Let me...

I'm sorry to interrupt you. I would request you to kindly use your handset and try asking your question again.

So how much development of new products integral to our future growth?

I'm sorry, I'm still unable to understand. You're saying 2-wheeler products?

New products, new products.

Yes, the new products.

So how much is that integral to our future growth?

Okay. So again, as I said, the order book is at about INR 1,760 crores. 60% of this order book comes into production in the next financial year, FY '27. That is part of the reason why we have accelerated and preponed the CapEx towards the Bangalore facility. As Ravi mentioned earlier, I think we do expect next year to give a revenue forecast of a growth of 20% plus. And I would say that close to perhaps half of that should come from the new product and the rest would be inorganic -- sorry, organic growth of the industry.

And my second question was regarding that is [fast paced] launching of newer models by OEMs considered good or bad for us?

Faster launch of models by OEMs fares very well for the company because pretty much in every facelift, there is a styling change on both the front and the rear lighting. So for us, it is an opportunity and it's -- for us, it's a kind of a new product development. So yes, we've seen shorter product cycles now by the OEMs. Earlier, it used to be three to four years, five years in some cases. Now it's definitely squeezed to two to three years. So it definitely is a positive opportunity for the company.

[Operator Instructions] The next question is from the line of Ashutosh Tiwari from Equirus.

Congrats on good set of numbers. Firstly, on the Punch side, were you supplying earlier or it's a new order for us?

On the what side?

Tata Punch. Tata Punch is a new order for us or we're supplying earlier also?

We were supplying to Tata Punch earlier also, and we have win the new orders also for the Punch. And it has a very -- short execution time and we did it in very well.

Yes, Punch has been our existing model.

Okay. And generally that now we are seeing that you talked about new designs and also has the content increased versus where we were earlier in Punch in terms of lighting content per vehicle in Punch versus earlier model?

Yes. In general, we do see the content per vehicle is increasing. But again, that is primarily because of different technologies and new styling requirements. I think we are progressing very well on the acceptance of new technologies. But again, this is probably more true for certain OEMs. So I'm not sure exactly what the Punch, the new Punch technology map is like. I would not be able to comment specifically on the punch. But in general, yes, we do see OEMs like Tata Motors, OEMs like Mahindra & Mahindra. With the new tech and the new innovation, the content per vehicle on the lighting is definitely going up.

And see, in LED as well, I think over the last few years globally as well as in India, there's a transition that probably first shifted to basic light and now looking more advanced lighting and all. You have seen that change. With that, even, let's say, when you migrate to a new variant or new model, basically, are you seeing that they upgraded in terms of technology and that's why content will probably keep increasing? Is that thought process correct?

Absolutely. I think LED is just one piece of the puzzle. I think there are a lot of other technologies like, again, there are projector lamps. There are also adaptive driving assisting beams. All of those are very high technology. Again, it will not come to mass market. It will probably start at certain variants on the premium segment of passenger vehicles and then make its way into the mass market scalable models based on the price points also will change accordingly. But yes, that is one of the reasons why the content per vehicle will continue to increase, not just based on LED penetration, which I think is fairly high already, but on the back of other technologies being introduced into the exterior lighting.

No. But on this point of LED penetration, like you mentioned that penetration is higher, but in that you include tail lamps and everything all put together, your blinkers, everything. But the high content is in the headlamp on the LED side and now maybe tail lamps also because you are nursing across the length of the vehicle in the PVs. But in case of headlamps only, if I talk -- if I ask about what would the penetration of LED in 2-wheelers and passenger vehicle? I'm talking about only in the 2-wheelers and PV headlamps, the penetration like halogen is what percentage and what percent is LED roughly? I know that you won't have the exact figure, but industry for industry.

So again, it's a very difficult question to answer, but I will try and give you some sense on this. On a 2-wheeler lamp, again, as I said, there is usually a TRL or a separate front combination lamp. That has a LED technology, and that is the only function which goes on the LED. Let us say the main light source for the main headlamp in 2-wheelers is still on a halogen, which is the low beam and the high beam. So that continues to be halogen technology. So in terms of value, we don't have a breakup as to what is the contribution of LED as a technology on the total headlamp value and what would be the halogen because for us, it's the same lamp and we look at the whole lamp as a unit. When it comes to passenger vehicles, this actually drops even further because the main source of lighting could be a halogen or it could be a projector lamp which again has a very high value per vehicle. LED, again, could be just a turn indicator function or more and more now we have seen there is something called a front center lamp, which runs across the front foot of a vehicle between the two headlamps. That is usually again on LED just because of the slickness and just because of the styling requirements. So again, I do not have a clear answer in terms of what would be the LED content part of the head lamp on a 2-wheeler or a 4-wheeler. But if I were to give you a rough estimate, I would assume it would be -- probably a 40%-60%, 40% of the value of the lamp would be probably LED or maybe 50% of it would be LED in passenger cars and maybe another 50% would come from non-LED technologies. And on a 2-wheeler, I would probably tend to say that it would be slightly higher at maybe a 60%-40% or 65%, 70%-30% ratio.

And lastly, on just extension of this only, do you think that over the next three to four-year period, even this low high beam on 2-wheelers or even in passenger vehicle can shift towards LEDs?

It definitely can, but I personally still feel that it's going to be pretty long haul as LED as a full LED headlamp to become mass market because, again, the cost and the economies just don't work out. As I mentioned earlier, most of the LED modules, not just for Lumax but across the industry are still imported. So they are not really been localized yet. But again, I would tend to say that instead of LED as a light source, more and more use of projector lamps and other technologies would come into play faster on the 2-wheeler.

The next question is from the line of Aditya [indiscernible] from LFC Securities.

First of all, congratulation on good set of numbers. And management has been guiding that there will be a margin expansion. And currently, we are having a 70% volume penetration in LED lamps. So is there any other contributor to this, which will fuel margin growth? Yes, that was my question.

Yes, of course, I think margin growth is a combination of multiple factors. It is better asset realization, better capacity utilizations, optimized fixed cost based on a higher turnover growth as well as -- again, I say LED as a higher penetration will definitely aid a lot to the revenue side because of the contribution per vehicle, but it cannot be just seen as an automatic improvement in the margins. In some cases, the LED lamps may not be as profitable as some of the conventional lamps. So again, there are various reasons why the margins have expanded. And I think we continue to, as I said, remain bullish and optimistic that we will continue to progressively increase the margin performance of the company over the next quarters going into FY '27 as well.

Ladies and gentlemen, due to time constraints, this will be the last question for today, which is from Ajit Sethi from Eiko Quantum Solutions.

As we have said that we are expecting half of the growth in FY '27 should come from the new products. So should we expect that the EBITDA margin should be around 11% to 11.5% in FY '27 and in the subsequent FY '28 with --our all capacity will come online. So can we expect to reach that 12% margin that you are saying that we will reach in two years?

So as I mentioned earlier, Ajit, I think the endeavor would be to attain a 12% EBITDA margin over the next two years or so. Having said that, yes, there are various factors which definitely on the back of -- which we are confident that the EBITDA margin in FY '27 should move forward and should become better than what we would deliver on FY '27. But I think we are safely giving a guidance that the company has now achieved a double-digit EBITDA margin with a solid foundation and I think we will continue to expand on that. So I don't know specifically if we will hit 11% or so in FY '27. But yes, we will continue to expand the EBITDA margin from here after.

Thank you. As that was the last question for today, I would now like to hand the conference over to the management for closing comments. Thank you, and over to you sir.

Well, I would like to thank you all for joining us today. We hope we have addressed all your questions. We remain committed to keeping the investment community informed with regular updates on any developments in the company. For any further information or queries, please feel free to reach out to us or SGA, our Investor Relations Advisor. Thank you.

Thank you, members of the management. On behalf of Lumax Industries Limited, that concludes this conference. We thank you for joining us, and you may now disconnect your lines. Thank you.