Banco de Chile (CHILE) Earnings Call Transcript & Summary

Good afternoon, everyone, and welcome to Banco de Chile's Fourth Quarter 2022 Results Conference Call. If you need a copy of the management financial review, it is available on the company's website. Today with us, we have Mr. Rodrigo Aravena, the Chief Economist and Institutional Relations Officer; Mr. Pablo Mejia, Head of Investor Relations; and Daniel Galarce, Head of Financial Control and Capital; and Natalia Lee, Investor Relations Specialist. Before we begin, I would like to remind you that this call is being recorded and that the information discussed today may include forward-looking statements regarding the company's financial and operating performance. All the projections are subject to risks and uncertainties and actual results may differ materially. Please refer to the detailed note in the company's press release regarding forward-looking statements. I will now turn the call over to Mr. Rodrigo Aravena. Please go ahead, sir. The floor is yours.

Good afternoon. Thank you very much for attending this conference call, where we will reveal the main accomplishments achieved by our bank during the fourth quarter and the full year of 2022. In this call, we will also share our business analysis and guidance for 2023. Before reviewing the economic environment, I'd like to share with you some of our main achievements during the last year. Please go to Slide #2. 2022 was an outstanding year for Banco de Chile when we undoubtedly reaffirm our leadership in the Chilean banking industry, not only financial performance but also in many other key strategic aspects when compared to our competitors. Even though we will go over our main accomplishments as we review this presentation, I'd like to briefly highlight some of them. On the financial side, we achieved a historical bottom line of CLP 1,409 billion, equivalent to an ROE of 31.4%, well above the industry average. After getting the bottom line by the transitory and non-recurring effect of higher inflation rate in the equity value, ROE, which have been 19%, well above the rest of the peers, but more in line with our historical figures. Our growth in operating income was accompanied by a historical efficiency ratio of 52% and [indiscernible] figures also positioning us better than our peers. 2022 was also a year where we strengthened our partial position even more, but reach a base ratio of 18% were above both the regulatory Fresca and our main competitors. Moreover, we increased our additional provisions to an unprecedented amount of CLP 700 billion, achieving a coverage ratio of 3.7x our non-performing loans, allowing us to be even more prepared to face negative cycles. Additionally, we took important steps in our sustainability pillars. Apart from permanent activity supporting the community, we made numerous environmental, social and governance improvements, which allow us to be the best bank in Entres rating in Chile according to Sustainalytics and received several recognitions. Finally, we made important advances in our digital transformation process, which has been a critical piece to maintaining the best rate of customer service, improving productivity and strongly contributing to promoting financial inclusion in Chile. As I mentioned, we will develop these and other activities during this presentation. But before that, I'd like to share our view for the Chilean economy. Please move to Slide #4. The Chilean growth has continued to weaken as the chart on the top left clearly shows. Generally, this trend is attributable to 3 main factors: first, the removal of several temporary [indiscernible] implemented during the pandemic as the 52% rise in fiscal standing and the withdrawal of more than CLP 50 million from pension funds. Consequently, the absence of further fiscal liquidity measures in 2022 contributed to reducing disposable income and domestic demand. A single factor has been the light of fact of the tightening in the monetary policy rate, which rose by 1,075 basis points between July 2021 and November last year. Finally, some local factors, especially those related to political uncertainty has also reduced economic growth. In this environment, the GDP fell by 1.8% year-on-year in the 4th quarter, posting the first negative annual figure since the 2nd quarter 2020 as the other left chart shows. This slowdown has been explained by the fall in commerce and industry sectors, which fell by 8.4% year-on-year and 5.5% year-on-year, respectively. Other cyclical sectors such as construction, have also been negatively affected. On the other hand, services have steadily risen in line with greater levels of mobility due to the ease in sanitary condition since last year. On a sequential basis, as can be seen in the chart of the other right, the slowdown has been also evident. In fact, the activity levels posted in December of 2022, for instance, was 1% below the figure posted 1 year ago, reflecting that the economy didn't grow last year. The in effect, which is the monthly [indiscernible] figures breakdown shows that all sector declined sequentially during the year. Despite the average unemployment rate in 2022 was 7.9%, 130 basis points below the figure posted 1 year ago, it's important to be aware of the degradation in the labor market, for instance. The weak expansion of the labor force has reduced the number of unemployed people. Therefore, the lower unemployment rate when compared to 2021 is a consequence of demographic changes rather than a greater dynamism in the economy. Additionally, real wages continue to fall minus 2.3% year-on-year in November due to the higher growth in CDI compared to the expansion in nominal wages. Finally, the formality wage has remained around 26% above the level of serve some years ago, suggesting a potential deterioration in the quality of jobs. However, the sub-growth is contributing to reducing the macroeconomic imbalances of wide band during the pandemic. Specifically, at the chart of the bottom right displays, the trade balance has been improving, led by higher exports and lower imports, anticipating a lower deficit in the current account in the short term. This trend should anticipate a normalization in external accounts, which is a fundamental pillar for macro-sustainability. This adjustment in the business cycle have been accompanied by changes in different prices as we will see in the next slide, #5. Following the global trend, the CPI had an impressive rise last year. Particularly in 2022, the inflation ended the year at 12.8%, achieving the highest figure since 1991. The trend as observed in the chart located on the top left was a consequence of [indiscernible] drivers. First, the higher global inflation, a factor that is particularly relevant for a novel of Chile, where tradable goods represent more than 60% of the total CDI basket. A second factor was the depreciation of the Chilean Peso, especially in the first half of last year, as you can see in the bottom right chart. Finally, the substantial increase in domestic demand due to the [indiscernible] implemented during the pandemic played a critical role in non-tradable pressures. Additionally, it's also important to be aware of the high indexation in Chile since several prices are set in U.S. which could have further persistence to the CDI. Downward trend in domestic prices led to an important adjustment in local interest rates, especially during the first half of the year. Part of the explanation behind the trend was the material adjustment in the overhead rate, which rose from only 3.5% in July 2021 to a regular figure of 11.25% November last year as the [indiscernible] reflects. In fact, the monetary policy in Chile has been one of the most tightened in the world in the cycle. Nevertheless, the long-term rate has been falling, anticipating a weaker growth this year as well as a potential [indiscernible] cycle in monetary policy over the next quarters. Despite the weaker cycle, The Chilean Peso has strengthened during the last month. Some of the external factors such as better copper prices and the weakening of dollar globally in addition to local factors such as the slight improvement in sundries have contributed to strengthening the Chilean Peso. Among the factors that have reduced uncertainty is the mechanism defined for the incoming contributional process to be held this year, which will consider the participation of both elected people and constitutional efforts in elaborating the proposal. This mechanism, coupled with some borders defined for the discussions such as [indiscernible] towers to review the possibility of institutional weakening in the country. It is well known that an applicated design of counterweight can make the difference in the long term. Now I'd like to move to our forecast for this year. Please move to Slide #6. We expect the [indiscernible] this year to fall by 1.4% after a 2.7% expansion in 2022. These figures were sold from a U-shaped trend in activity with negative annual expansion rate between 4th quarter 2022 and second quarter of this year as a result of the normalization of temporary factors that increased the growth, as I mentioned previously. This forecast consequently is consistent with a gradual recovery in activity since the second half of this year. This slowdown and the recent strengthening of the currency should contribute to reducing pressures on prices. In our baseline scenario, the overall inflation will fall from 12.8% last year to 4.8% this year with a potential convergence to the 3% quality target only by 2024. Given these figures, we see room for lower monetary policy interest rate in the near future. Despite the neutral buyer that the Central Bank has adopted in the last monetary policy meeting, we believe that the conjunction of lower growth and inflation will leave room to reduce the interest rate to nearly 6% by the end of this year. All these forecasts are subject to risk. In addition to global uncertainties where Chinese dynamism is a key driver for Chile and geopolitical conflicts in Eastern Europe could produce some noises in international prices, we have to pay attention to the evolution of some local factors as well, especially those related to political and institutional aspects. Some of them include the evolution of some reforms that are currently under discussion in Chile, such as the tax and pension bills as well as the ongoing constitutional process. The evolution of these factors will be critical to the length and deepness of the recession that we currently face. Before moving to Banco de Chile's discussion, I'd like to briefly discuss the evolution of local banking industry. Please flip to Slide #7. 2022 was a profitable period for the banking industry, posting stronger nominal results than the prior year. However, inflation was the main driver for this result. And as you will see later in the presentation, the true profitability adjusted by the loss of purchasing power due to the high level of CDI, which Chile has experienced is substantially lower than the 21% for the banking industry in 2022. The cost of higher CDI is also reflected in asset quality, where for the last 2 quarters in a row, the industry has seen an upward trend in loan loss provisions, as shown on the chart on the bottom right. Loan growth in real term has also weakened, as shown by the chart on the bottom left, inflation in several sources of uncertainty have impacted demand. For 2023, we expect a weak real growth of around 1%, driven by mortgage and consoles. Now I'd like to pass the call to Pablo, who will go into more detail about Banco de Chile's strategy and financial performance.

Thanks, Rodrigo. Please go to Slide #9. The strong results that we have consistently, have been the product of our sound strategic pillars based on customer centricity, productivity and sustainability. To reach our midterm targets, we have established 6 core priorities. In the next slide, we will review some of these advances that we have been making. Please move to Slide #10, where I'll highlight some of our digital bank's investments. Our strategic ambition at Banco de Chile is to deliver the best customer experience and to provide the best digital banking platforms to clients in Chile. During 2022, we strengthened existing platforms and continued implementing innovative digital solutions. We are proud to highlight that Quentin account has reached over 1 million clients as of December 31, 2022, by adding approximately 350,000 customers in this period. Another relevant aspect is that despite the quick growth of this product, we grew our customers by almost 50% this year without affecting our customer satisfaction levels. Among our other advances in 2022, we launched 3 new digital products to promote customer onboarding and financial inclusion, digital current account, [indiscernible] The new digital current account was launched in the first half of the year and there's a full bank account with the possibility to open other products such as lines of credit and credit cards. Fund [indiscernible] is a fully digital account for teenagers between 14 and 17 years old with the purpose to build strong relationships, early in the customers' life cycle. And [indiscernible] is a digital account for SMEs that has no entrance or maintenance fees and gives access to exclusive benefits for small businesses. All of these products are in line with our aspirations of growing our clients and also promoting financial inclusion. Furthermore, among other initiatives, we released several upgrades and innovations in our apps. As shown on the right side of this slide, we launched an improved investment that allows our clients to invest easily worldwide, and we made an alliance with other important institutions to facilitate the monetary transactions between clients of these 2 banks using telephone numbers and QR codes. In addition, we made important upgrades in our [indiscernible] MiBanco, such as withdrawing funds from ATMs without the need of a physical card, providing online loan simulations and also approving these consumer loans online. Likewise, we added new functionalities in our app for enterprises called [indiscernible]. Finally, we are honored by our advances in digital banking, together with our permanent focus on providing the best customer experience led us to be recognized by the European as the most innovative digital bank in Chile and by the digital newspaper focused on the financial industry and Chilean consumers called [indiscernible] as having the best digital banking solution in the country. Please move to Slide 11. We continued implementing changes and initiatives to reduce expenses and improve our operations in line with our efficiency and productivity objectives. We introduced a new purchase model, which uses an electronic auction and tender processes to increase competition among potential providers while ensuring transparency and cycle times. Additionally, we've made several negotiations to fulfil all banking functions proactively through the annual purchase plan, which generated savings of approximately $20 million. And finally, regarding our cost reduction process, we have developed optimization projects that cover diverse aspects such as our branch footprint analysis, savings and energy costs while optimizing consolidating service purchases at the corporate level. On the productivity side, due to the retail sales excellence time, we increased consumer credit loan originations by 45% year-on-year, while maintaining our account managers headcount flat. This impressive figure was a fruit of a set of improvements such as the standardization of commercial processes, the digitalization of sales and refocusing intelligence of commercial campaigns. Due to the successful implementation of the productivity projects on our retail business, the bank decided to extend and adopt these initiatives to the SME banking segment that partly achieved good results as the increase of 25% in originations per account manager. Thanks to these and other actions previously implemented, we ended the year with the best efficiency ratio amongst our peers in Chile. We also accomplished important advances in ESG, as we'll discuss in the next Slide #12. During 2022, we had taken important steps towards strengthening our sustainability strategy. We have proactively been reinforcing the development of social, environmental and governance initiatives, some of which are presented on this slide. We developed a sustainability financing framework to issue ESG-related bonds and to finance projects with positive impacts. In addition, we created a sustainability committee led by the CEO to boost our ESG strategy and launched the Blue Commitment Program to promote our green products. Last year, we also continued boosting our social and environmental initiatives such as our financial education courses, tournaments to promote entrepreneurship, volunteering programs to support social organizations, carrying support [indiscernible] Those programs directly benefit over 44,000 people. It's also worth mentioning that we have the largest corporate volume [indiscernible] program in Chile, in which almost 10,000 employees participated as volunteers at the [indiscernible] event in 2022. Finally, our permanent focus on improving diverse ESG aspects of our business, we were recognized as the best bank for financial inclusion by the European and the third best company in ESG in Chile according to the Corporate Reputation Business monitoring company called Medco based in Spain, among other recognitions. In addition, we are very proud to have received tremendous upgrade in our ESG risk ratings by [indiscernible] that went from a medium risk to a low risk, placed us first amongst banks in Chile. This recognition demonstrates that we are advanced in the right direction as a responsible institution that contributes to the development of the country and its people. Please turn to Slide 14 to go into detail about Banco de Chile's financial performance. 2022 has proven exceptionally profitable for the banking industry in nominal terms, as evidenced by the chart to the left, where we led the sector with over 30% nominal ROE. Our competitive advantages, consistent strategy of strong governance practices have been key for our success. Accordingly, we took the proper actions during the pandemic and that translated into record results we are witnessing today in this environment of high inflation, interest rates and liquidity. However, it's important to be aware of the transitory impact generated by the high level of inflation on profitability. Since 2009, the nominal effect of inflation and the Chilean gap similar to IFRS does not take into consideration the full impact of inflation on income or the balance sheet. When we consider the effective inflation on equity to recognize the loss in purchasing power, profitability becomes much more aligned with our long-term figures. The chart on the right demonstrates the inflation adjusted ROE from the main Chilean bank, considering the impact of inflation on equity by deducting the effective price level restatement of capital in the income statement. In our view, this measure provides a clear perspective of real profitability as it shows the full economic value that is generated by maintaining the real value of equity after considering the negative impact of inflation on its nominal value. Even after this approach, our adjusted return [indiscernible] was far greater than those of our competitors and surpassed our pre-pandemic track record showing an impressive competitive with edge and consistent long-term strategy. Please turn to Slide 15. Our financial performance in the fourth quarter of 2022 and over the course of the entire year was exceptional. As shown on the chart to the left, net income reached CLP 347 billion in the fourth quarter of 2022, 21% higher than the same period last year. And for the full year, we grew 78% over 2021. This bottom line surpassed all of our main competitors in both absolute figures as well as growth, as shown on the chart on the right. The strong bottom line was composed of both temporary and core factors driven by our sound and consistent strategy. Our balance sheet positioning and superior competitive advantages permitted us to greatly benefit from the non-recurring rise and inflation as a result of our U.S. GAAP position. Higher nominal interest rates also played a major role in this result due to the higher contribution of demand deposits. Other core factors that supported the bottom line came from higher loan originations and the dynamic [indiscernible] business; all being boosted even more by the persistent strong level of asset quality. Please turn to Slide 16 on operating revenues, where we will go into more details. Our operating revenues experienced a rise of 15% when comparing the fourth quarter to the same period last year and grew 42% year-on-year. The latter grew 74% in non-customer income and 28% in customer income. In terms of non-customer income, we generated greater revenues from our U.S. structural GAAP position due to the high level of inflation we experienced this year and to a lesser extent, higher income from our management of our trading and debt securities portfolio, given the positive changes in both interest rates and inflation. The rise in customer income was the result of stronger demand deposit contribution given a scenario of high local and foreign interest rates and to a lower degree by a moderate increase in average balances. Likewise, lower liquidity among individuals also resulted in the reactivation of higher-margin lending products such as consumer loans. Putting aside the temporary revenues that we generated in 2022, the charts to the right show how our overall operating income compared to our competitors. As you can see on the right of this slide, we have outperformed our peers in net interest margin, fees and total operating margin. We believe that part of this better performance responds to our consistent approach to risk, which is supported by prudent corporate governance standards. Please turn to Slide 17. Total loans grew by 7.2% as compared to the previous year and 1.7% versus the third quarter of 2022. A large portion of this expansion is attributable to market factors as inflation had a significant uptick this year, particularly at since 100% of mortgage and 37% of commercial loans are denominated in U.S. The difference in nominal versus real growth becomes clear in the chart to the right. Nevertheless, consumer loans continued to exhibit higher dynamism by growing 17.5% year-on-year and an impressive 6% quarter-over-quarter. This positive outcome is primarily due to strong loan origination figures, which were driven by effective marketing strategies and solid value propositions. We have also seen an important improvement in originations by account manager as a consequence of our successful retail banking sales excellence program. This has been implementing best practices across the organization, boosting productivity levels through 4 key pillars. First, improving the effectiveness of risk models to increase pre-approved loans and adjusting risk attribution at the branch level to boost efficiency. Second, we're leveraging digital tools to enhance analytics; third, expanding our business intelligence and building new propensity model, which is a set of approaches to building predictive models to forecast behavior of a target audience by analyzing their past behaviors. And finally, developing [indiscernible] discipline through the implementation of management and training procedures branch per branch. Through this program, we have been able to increase not only our originations of consumer loans that grew 45% year-on-year, but also our market share in this product that grew 76 basis points to reach 17.4%. A similar program is being implemented in the SME segment and we are already seeing strong improvements in originations with a rise of 25% this quarter when compared to the same quarter in 2021. For 2023, we expect that loans in the industry should grow in line with expectations for inflation and that loan growth should be driven by consumer and mortgage loans. We expect that commercial loans will continue growing below inflation due to the low business confidence, political uncertainties and the recession we are currently experiencing. As for our loan portfolio, this should follow a similar trend of moderate growth. Please turn to Slide 18. We have adjusted our balance sheet structure accordingly for the changes we are expecting with regards to falling interest rates and inflation. Consequently, this led to a change in our funding strategy by proactively placing U.S. funds in the local market and increasing the source of funding 8% year-on-year and 5% in the quarter. This increase in the duration of our liabilities to reduce the price risk in the banking book by decreasing our exposure to inflation as shown on the chart on the bottom right, and refinance scheduled amortization of outstanding bonds. The timing of [indiscernible] was especially relevant given the expectations that the local bond market may become very active in debt places in light of the financing needs from the scheduled amortization of the FCIC financing beginning 2024 and the expected behavior of demand deposits, among others. With regards to demand deposits, we continued to see normalization this quarter in terms of the source of funding decreasing by 6.4% during this quarter and 27% year-on-year from the unsustainably high levels of 2021 due to the pension fund withdrawals and relief programs. As can be seen on the chart on the upper right, the relationship of demand deposits to time deposits has been moving quickly to a more normal level, given the extraordinarily high levels of short-term interest rates implemented to control inflation and normalized liquidity level in the economy. Nevertheless, we expect that our current level of demand deposits equal to 36.5% of total loans is relatively in line with our long-term levels from this source of funding. We expect that DDAs will remain relatively flat throughout 2023 when compared to 2022. We are also confident that our premium customer base should continue to support our strong funding mix. Additionally, during 2023, we'll keep on assessing funding alternatives depending on the market dynamics, evolution of time deposits and demand deposits and loan growth. Likewise, we can't rule out that we'll continue to reduce price risk exposures in the banking book. For instance, in terms of the inflation gap, all of which will determine the steps we will take to finance our balance sheet. Please turn to Slide 19 to discuss our superior capital levels versus our peers. As shown on the slide, our profitability track record has consistently outperformed our peers, including return on average equity despite our larger capital base. We finished the year with a Basel ratio of 18%, significantly higher than our peers, as shown on the chart on the top left and the positive direction of our CET1 ratio over the past few years has meaningfully surpassed both of our main competitors, as shown on the chart on the bottom left. This position of high returns, high net income and high CET1 is truly unique, as shown on the chart to the right. We have achieved this through our customer-centric business strategy and the appropriate balance between risk and return. This has allowed us to grow our portfolio and bottom line sustainably. Additionally, we have been able to continue providing an attractive dividend without affecting this leadership position, all the while maintaining the largest gap of our capital over the regulatory limit to easily comply with Basel III regulations. Please turn to Slide 20. Undoubtedly, core expected credit losses are in the process of normalization. This quarter, expected credit losses reached CLP 123 billion, down from CLP 138 billion posted 1 year ago with a lower amount of additional provision established. For the full year, we recorded CLP 435 billion of expected credit losses, up 22% from 1 year ago. This rise is attributable to the normalization of asset quality after a period of high liquidity that maintained risk indicators transitorily low. As shown on the chart on the bottom left, NPLs rose from a very low level of 0.5% in the fourth quarter of 2021 to a still lower than pre-pandemic level of 1.08% this quarter, a rise that was significantly lower than those posted by our main peers. Excluding the decrease of CLP 65 billion of additional provisions, the Retail Banking segment contributed the most expected credit losses with an annual increase of CLP 31 billion, while the Wholesale Banking segment rose CLP 13 billion due to the high inflation and weaker economy that is affecting individuals and businesses alike. Nevertheless, the quality of our portfolio and the risk management culture is evident when we compare to our peers, as you can see on the chart on this slide. Not only do we have the soundest portfolio, we also have the highest coverage ratio of 3.7x and the most additional provisions amounting to CLP 700 billion as shown on the chart to the right. This clearly positions us better than our peers if the economy worsens beyond our baseline scenario. Lastly, it's important to stress the relevance that controlling risk has on their bottom line. This is truly a competitive advantage where we have demonstrated a superior track record to our peers, as shown on the chart on the bottom right. Since 2021, we have continued to widen the gap with our peers despite our significantly larger coverage ratio, demonstrating our excellence in managing our business. Please turn to Slide 21. Expenses have grown this quarter 19% nominal over the same period last year and 14% nominal in 2022 over 2021. This rise is primarily due to the high inflation that reached 12.8%, which has an impact on most of expense line items, including salary, advisory services and IT expenses that are indexed to CPI. We also recorded higher variable compensation due to the strong results during 2022. Nevertheless, the annual rise in real terms reduced significantly to only 2.8% as a consequence of our cost control efforts bearing fruit. In terms of efficiency ratio, we reached a ratio of 33.1% this quarter and 31.9% for the full year, both significantly below the levels recorded in 2021. When compared to our peers, we continue to lead and widen the gap in efficiency as shown on the chart to the right. We are confident that through our firm focus of strengthening cost controls, boosting productivity and using technology to improve how we manage our business should continue to allow us to post strong normalized efficiency levels that are better than what we recorded in the past. Nevertheless, it's fair to mention that our current level of efficiency has clearly been driven by market factors such as inflation and interest rates, but transitorily increased operating revenues. However, we are confident that we will continue to reach sustainable levels below 45% in the medium term. Please turn to Slide 22. The last few years have been turbulent. Despite this, we have managed the bank well throughout this cycle posting historic results in 2022, that are well above all of our competition. We outperformed in total profitability measured by ROE and ROA and at the same time in capitalization. We posted the highest net interest margin, the highest fee margin and the highest operating margin. We recorded the best asset quality indicators and set the highest level of coverage to face possible uncertainties that could have occurred or that may lay ahead. Not only that, we also posted the best efficiency ratio in the industry, taking away this recognition that has historically been held by our main competitor. Overall, we believe that through a superior customer-centric strategy, together with our uncompromising approach to manage risks are the main pillars of our solid track record. This is especially relevant as we are currently in a recession. We expect that the recovery should begin in the second half of 2023, and we are well positioned to take greater advantage of this environment than our peers. Our short-term guidance is NIM decreasing from the unsustainably high rates to a level of around 4.3%. Cost of risk should normalize this year to around 1.2% and efficiency should reach a level of around 40%. As per ROE, we should converge to range around 18%, while also maintaining a solid capital base. Thank you for listening. If you have any questions, we would be happy to answer them.

[Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from Mr. Tito Labarta from Goldman Sachs.

A couple of questions. I guess just on your expense outlook, efficiency deteriorating a bit as margins kind of normalize but how do you think about expense growth from here? I know inflation has been high as inflation comes down, but you're still growing a bit above inflation. Is that what we should expect slightly above inflation? Or is there to room where you can improve efficiency on the cost side? And then a second question on your capital ratio, very strong at 13.7%; just help us, what do you think is the right level of capital where you feel comfortable operating? And what could that mean for your dividend pay-out?

So yes, so in terms of efficiency, what we're seeing is that the strong growth of 2022 inflation has an important effect in terms of the variation of costs in 2023. So it will probably start seeing a level of around a couple of points above inflation in terms of cost because most of our costs are indexed inflation, right? So we have some things that we've been doing throughout the year and prior years, like digital transformation. We've been improving everything related to our digital products, the services and tools that we provide online, the onboarding that we're giving customers. We had a reduction in a branch level. We optimized the branches across Chile. Today, we have 266 branches. Half of those branches are located in Santiago and the other half are located in regions outside of Santiago. In regions outside of Santiago, there's only 1 or 2 branches in those cities and towns, so there's not much room for improvement there or improvement in the footprint. In Santiago all depend on the evolution in terms of growth and how many customers use the branches. But today, the level that we have in the branch network; we feel is optimal as of today. And we've also been implementing improvements in efficiency through our efficiency program, where we've seen different improvements across the company in terms of how we purchased goods within the bank, implementing new tools and to option of purchases to get better deals and also on how we're doing training within the branches in order to improve productivity and increase the originations per account manager. So basically, in summary, for 2023, One of the main drivers for us is the effect of inflation through 2022, which is affecting the comparison base. So in the medium term, we should think that Banco de Chile will grow in line or slightly below inflation but for 2023, the main driver is 2022 inflation. And for [indiscernible], Daniel Galarce will respond to your question.

Well, we [indiscernible] in fact, we're still fairly confident with and pretty comfortable with the level we have today, particularly in terms of CET1. And in terms of the dividend pay-out, as you probably know, the board has decided to propose 100% pay-out ratio for 2023 over the net distributable income, which, in fact, is an effective pay-out ratio of 68% approximately. It's important to consider that as every year, we retain the effect of inflation on the shareholder [indiscernible], of course. So we normally distribute over the rest of the earnings in this case, is distributable earnings. So basically, we will continue to reinforce our capital base and, in the future, we'll probably come back to the same [indiscernible] that we normally have every year, which is approximately 60% of the net distributable income. Just a correction, the effective pay-out ratio is 62% of our net distributable over the total net income. The last year, 2022 was 68%.

Great. And just in terms of like what the optimal level of capital is where we think you should be operating?

Yes. It will depend on the balance sheet growth, of course but we feel pretty comfortable with the level we have today. Probably, we will use some capital over the next 3 years but basically, will depend on how the [indiscernible] will expand in the midterm. Today, we have room to grow in terms of the balance sheet, of course, and probably levels of CET1 of 12.5% is something that is reasonable for us.

Our next question comes from Mr. Andres Soto from Santander.

Basically, I would like to understand your updated sensitivity to interest rates and margins.

Okay So in terms of net interest margins, what we're seeing today is the level of that goes somewhere around 4.3% for 2023. And the main driver there is really for us the evolution of inflation. So depending on the evolution of inflation will be the main driver in the short term for where that level finishes for the end of the year. What we're seeing some other drivers, but less of an impact is, however, growing the retail base loans. So the evolution of the growth in loans that we're seeing, we see that retail is a little bit healthier than the wholesale, but still, it's not significant as inflation. So for every 100-basis point change of inflation, it's about the CLP 60 billion change in net interest income or more or less in NIM around 13 basis points with the gap that we have on the balance sheet today. And if we look at the sensitivity to the overnight rate, once everything reprices after 3 years, 100 basis point change in the overnight rate is about a 30-basis point change in net interest margins. So that would be the main driver for 2023. The net interest margin is inflation. And there's some positive effects on growth in terms of loans but what we're seeing is what is relatively flat in total with a slightly higher growth in terms of retail loans above inflation.

And regarding your additional provisions, is connecting this with the [indiscernible] model for provisioning in consumer loans, do you have any updated estimates of how much of your excess provisions are going to be used for this bigger model? And if I assume it's not a full amount, will you consider to release some of those provisions in case the cost of risk this year at some point, exceeds the 1.2% that you are forecasting now?

Well, today, we have the highest level of additional provisions, which is CLP 700 billion. It gives us a very strong coverage ratio of 3.7x. And if you see in the presentation, in the last quarters, the provisions have been flowing through the income statement is more based on models and additional provisions. So we only set CLP 15 billion of additional provisions in the last quarter. Now with respect to why we place these provisions or why we have these additional provisions, therefore, the evolution of the economy and how that can affect our portfolio, but not for model changes. What we're expecting is somewhere around 1.2% for cost of risk for the next year, and that's in line with our base scenario. Now, we haven't mentioned the effect of the new provisioning model but for us, it's not so material, but there's not a clear guideline on how this will be implemented or also the rule of the provisioning model will end up in at the end because it just finished in a consultation period, and we still need to find the final draft.

So it's very important to keep in mind that there are some sources of uncertainty that still remains for the country for Chile. It's not clear, for example, what will be the long-term impact from the different measures that were adopted during the last year, for example, the long-term impact from the withdraw from pension funds, the lower saving rates, et cetera. So there are some doubts related to the long-term GDP growth for Chile is not clear how will be, for example, the long-term level of the monetary policy right as well. So at the end of the day, it's very important, especially this year, to be aware of different source of uncertainty, especially considering some discussions that we're going to have 2023, including, for example, different discussions from the taxes, the pension reform, the constitutional close to that it will be held this year as well. So the evolution of these sources of rates are very important in terms of the provisions in the future. And also, it's extremely important to pay attention to the evolution of the exchange rate in Chile because it has a critical impact in terms of inflation. You have to have an [indiscernible] 10% change in the same rate. It changed the overall inflation in 1 year of around 150 basis points. So that's why there are some sources of uncertainty that is very important to pay special attention to this year.

Our next question comes from Jason Mollin from Scotiabank.

Congratulations on the strong results. My question is related to the guidance, and I wanted to understand what's the upside risk that you see, what are the main sources for upside risk to your guidance? And what would be the main ones for the downside risks as well?