Evogene Ltd. (EVGN) Earnings Call Transcript & Summary

Welcome to Evogene's Fourth Quarter Results Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] As a reminder, this conference is being recorded, March 6, 2025. Before we begin, I would like to caution that certain statements made during this earnings conference call by Evogene's management will constitute forward-looking statements that relate to future events. This presentation contains forward-looking statements relating to future events, and Evogene Ltd., the company may, from time to time, make other statements regarding our outlook or expectations for future financial or operating results and/or other matters regarding or affecting us that are considered forward-looking statements as defined in the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and other securities laws as amended statements that are not statements of historical fact may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of such words as believe, expect, anticipate, should, planned, estimated, intend and potential or words of similar meaning. We are using forward-looking statements in this presentation when we discuss our value drivers, commercialization and production efforts and timing product development and launches, estimated market sizes and milestones, pipelines as well as our capabilities and technology. Such statements are based on current expectations, estimates, projections and assumptions describe opinions about future events, involve certain risks and uncertainties, which are difficult to predict and are not guarantees of future performance. Readers are cautioned that certain important factors may affect the company's actual results and could cause such results to differ materially from any forward-looking statements that may be made in this presentation. Therefore, actual future results, performance or achievements and trends in the future may differ materially from what is expected or implied by such forward-looking statements due to a variety of factors, many of which are beyond our control, including, without limitation, the current war between Israel, Hamas and Hezbollah, and any worsening of the situation in Israel, such as further mobilizations or escalation in the northern border of Israel and those risks described in greater detail in Evogene's annual report on Form 20-F and in other information Evogene files and furnishes with the Israel Securities Authorities and U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, including those factors under the heading Risk Factors. Except as required by applicable securities laws, we disclaim any obligation or commitment to update any information contained in this presentation or to publicly release the results of any revisions to any statements that may be made to reflect future events or developments or changes in expectations, estimates, projections and assumptions. The information contained herein does not constitute a prospectus or other offering document, nor does it constitute or form part of any invitation or offer to sell or any solicitation of any invitation or offer to purchase or subsidize for any securities of Evogene or the company nor shall the information or any part of it or the fact of its distribution form the basis of or be relied on in connection with any action, contract, commitment or relating thereto or to the securities of Evogene or the company. The trademarks included herein are property of the owners hereof and are used for reference purposes only. Such use should not be construed as an endorsement of our products or services. With us on the line will be Yaron Eldad, CFO of Evogene; and Ofer Haviv, President and CEO of Evogene. Now I will turn the call over to Ofer Haviv. Mr. Haviv, please go ahead.

Good day, everyone. In today's conference call, I would like to begin by welcoming Nir Nimrodi as Evogene's new Chairman of the Board. I will continue with a review of the financial and business highlights for the fourth quarter and the entire year 2024, followed by an overview of Evogene's current activities. I will then conclude with our subsidiaries' targets for 2025. After my remarks, Yaron Eldad, Evogene's CFO, will provide financial update on Q4 and the entire year 2024. We will then open a Q&A session. Today, Evogene formally announced a change in the Chair position in which Nir Nimrodi, who served as a Board member for the past 2.5 years will now serve as an active Chairperson, replacing Sarit Firon, who will now act as a Board member. I warmly welcome Nir Nimrodi as Evogene's new Chairman of the Board, and I'm looking forward to closely working alongside him. I would like to use this opportunity to thank Sarit Firon for guiding Evogene's Board and management over the last 3.5 years, and I'm looking forward to her continued support of the company as a Board member. Nir Nimrodi is here with us, and I ask him to say some introductory words.

Thank you, Ofer. I'm honored to assume the role of Chairman and would like to thank Sarit for her valuable contributions. I'm happy she will continue in her capacity as a Board member. I'm really excited about the opportunities that lie ahead for Evogene. We believe that the company holds several assets and subsidiaries with potential to generate significant value for both Evogene and its shareholders. I would like to emphasize this last remark again. We're committed to unlocking this value within this year and anticipate achieving it in a capital-efficient manner. Evogene has been at the forefront of leveraging advanced computational capabilities to drive product innovation for the past 2 decades. With the growing potential of AI, we plan to further expand our expertise to accelerate the drug discovery process and maximize the value we bring to this field. Lastly, I've spent the last 25 years in the life science space and was instrumental in generating significant shareholders' value in both public and private companies. I'm eager to get started to do the same with Evogene's team. Thank you.

Thank you, Nir, and I wish us great success. I would now like to focus on the financial and business highlights of 2024 and the beginning of 2025. In the year 2024, total revenues reached approximately $8.5 million compared to $5.6 million in the year 2023. The increase in revenues in 2024 is mainly due to an increase in AgPlenus' revenues from its collaboration with Bayer and an increase in Casterra's seed sales. In Q4 of 2024, total revenues reached approximately $1.6 million compared to $0.6 million in Q4 2023. The increase in revenues in Q4 2024 is mainly due to the increase in Casterra's seed sales. The main reason for the lower revenue in Q4 2024 compared to expectation is the change in the delivery schedule of Casterra's seeds from 2024 to 2025. In the entire Q4 2024, Casterra delivered only 76 tons, while in February 2025 alone, the company already delivered 250 tons of castor seeds. In entire year 2024, Casterra delivered approximately 215 tons of castor seeds in total, while as stated just in February this year, company delivered already 250 tons, which reflects solving the bottleneck in seed productions company previously faced, that caused a delay in the delivery schedule and consequent price adjustment. Casterra is expected to continue delivering castor seeds mainly from its existing inventory, which currently consists of 400 tons to its partners throughout 2025 based on a new schedule and new orders to be received, some replacing previous 2023 orders following discussion with our partners. In the year 2024, total R&D expenses were approximately $16.6 million compared to $20.8 million in the year 2023. In Q4 of 2024, total R&D expenses were approximately $3.4 million compared to $5.5 million in Q4 2023. These decreases are mainly due to the end of Canonic's activity in Q2 2024 and a decrease in Biomica's and Lavie Bio's R&D activity mainly in Q4 2024. During Q4 2024 and the beginning of 2025, Evogene established an expense reduction plan that led to a reduction in headcount, which will be completed by Q1 2025 of approximately 30%. The effect of this plan will be reflected starting Q1 2025. In the year 2024, total G&A expenses were approximately $7.4 million compared to $6.1 million in the year 2023. G&A expenses in 2024 included one-time expenses of approximately $1.5 million resulting from Evogene's fundraising and an allowance for doubtful debt of one of Casterra's seed suppliers. Operating expenses in 2024 includes other expenses totaling of $0.5 million accruing in Q1 due to the end of Canonic's activity. Now I would like to highlight the main achievements made by the Evogene Group in 2024 and up to date. Starting with Evogene. In October 2024, Evogene collaborated with Google Cloud to pioneer a Generative AI foundation model for novel small molecule design. This is a reflection of our efforts to advance ChemPass AI for drug discovery. Now let's move to Casterra. During 2024, Casterra delivered to its partner approximately 215 tons of castor seeds with 76 tons delivered in Q4 2024. In February 2025, as I mentioned, Casterra already delivered to its partner approximately 250 tons of castor seeds. Casterra expects to continue supplying castor seeds during the coming months for new orders received in 2025, replacing some of the orders from 2023, mainly from existing seeds inventory currently amounting to approximately 400 tons. With regard to seed production in Africa, in October 2024, the company reported achieving a key milestone in its operational expansion with the completion of first shipment of over 100 tons of castor seeds grown and processed in Kenya. In February 2025, it completed the current harvest season, supporting current and future demands. Continuing with seed production in Brazil. In July 2024, the growing and harvesting season was completed. The seed shipments from Brazil was initiated in 2024 and will continue into 2025. In Q1 2025, Casterra initiated proof-of-concept trials for castor grain farming in Africa and Brazil using new commercial growth protocol. The grain will be used for oil production, which can open a new commercial horizon for Casterra as a provider of grain to the castor oil industry in addition to its current activity as a seed supplier. Continuing with Lavie Bio. In February 2024, Lavie Bio signed a new collaboration agreement with Syngenta to discover and develop novel bio insecticides. In July 2024, ICL and Lavie Bio achieved a significant milestone in their collaboration, developing yield increasing biostimulants for row crops under extreme weather conditions. The company reported on the commercial expansion of Yalos to winter wheat in July 2024 and to soybean in November 2024. Initial sales for soybean are expected in spring 2025. In November 2024, Lavie Bio reported the advancement of LAV321, a biofungicide targeting Downy Mildew to pre-commercialization following successful field trial results. Moving to AgPlenus. In February 2024, a new collaboration agreement was signed with Bayer to develop a new sustainable weed control solution. In March 2024, AgPlenus achieved a milestone with Corteva in an existing collaboration agreement for novel herbicides. In February 2025, AgPlenus announced the discovery of a new mode of action for fungicides against Septoria in wheat. I will end this part with Biomica's highlights. Phase I of the clinical study for microbes-based therapeutics, BMC128, which started with 11 patients is nearing completion with a prolonged positive response of 5 patients, 4 of whom are still active in the study. Biomica received positive feedback from the FDA following a pre-IND meeting at the beginning of 2024. The IND submission is expected in Q3 2025. I will provide more details on the target for 2025 for each subsidiary later in the presentation. I would like now to focus on Evogene's overview and our main targets for 2025. Our vision is to position Evogene as a pioneering company in the development of groundbreaking life science products rooted in microbes, small molecules and genomics. To realize this vision, we have concentrated on integrating life science expertise with advanced big data and state-of-the-art computational technologies. This approach led the development of our 3 proprietary tech engines, each designed to drive the effective discovery and optimization of life science products. Our AI-driven tech engines offer a strong value proposition by effectively identifying and optimizing the most promising candidates. This increases the potential for developing successful products within competitive time line and in cost-effective manner. Our tech engines were strategically designed to align with the best potential across multiple market segments rather than being confined to a single area. While this technology holds exceptional promise, each market segment demand specialized expertise for product development alongside significant financial resources and advanced development and production infrastructure. To effectively harness the value embedded in our technology, considering the mentioned requirements, we have implemented a targeted business strategy tailored to address those needs. Our business strategy is designed to maximize potential while minimizing risk. This by establishing a diverse network of collaborative partnership for life science product development. We partner with experts in complementary fields, forming licensing or collaboration agreements with companies that bring domain-specific knowledge. Through those strategic alliance, we aim to codevelop innovative products. The upside for Evogene stems from revenue sharing mechanism of the end product or through equity holding in the company developing the end product. Here is a current snapshot of our business model. Evogene currently owns 4 subsidiary companies, each focused on a specific market segment. In market segments not covered by our subsidiary, we have established collaborations with external companies. This slide highlights the commercial and financial partners engaged with the Evogene Group. We are very proud of the progress and achievements we have made to date. I would like to share with you Evogene's prospects for the near future. As mentioned earlier by Nir, we now intend to direct our efforts to develop a more capital-efficient model to generate greater value by focusing further on the use of our ChemPass AI in the field of AI-powered drug discovery. Accordingly, we intend to focus on enhancing ChemPass AI tech engines competitive advantage for the pharma market segment. An example of such efforts is the development of the foundation model in collaboration with Google Cloud. In the near-term, we expect those efforts to manifest in collaborations with midsized biotech companies and academic institutions for small molecules drug discovery. I hope we will be able to announce such collaboration later this year. With respect to MicroBoost AI and GeneRator AI, we intend to continue the support and development of those tech engines based on the needs of our subsidiaries with their funding. With respect to Evogene subsidiaries, our intention is to focus on creating exit events for Evogene with respect to part of our subsidiaries. Such an event is expected to inject funds to support Evogene's activities, strength Casterra's position as a profitable world leader in the castor oil market. Since Evogene holds 100% of the company, we intend to use its profits to support Evogene's activities as well. Evogene will also support subsidiaries' efforts in their strategic fundraising activities. Part of the fund will be used by the subsidiaries to finance the development of Evogene tech engines according to their needs. These strategic guidelines are expected to strengthen Evogene financial position. Through focus on a single tech engine and implementation of our expenses reduction plan, we expect to substantially lower expenses and through exit events, dividends and technology license payment, we anticipate enhancing Evogene's financials. As stated earlier, in the near future, we intend to invest significant resources and efforts in developing ChemPass AI for the drug discovery based on small molecules for the pharma industry. In the following slides, I will elaborate on our motivation. We believe that now is the time to invest in small molecules drug discovery, utilizing computational technology with a focus on AI for the following reason. First, discovering the right small molecules that can serve as a drug is like finding a needle in a haystack. This has been a major challenge facing the pharmaceutical industry for decades. Second, addressing this challenge has the potential for a significant financial impact on the company that offers a solution. Today, we are on the brink of technological singularity. Advancement in computational technology enable the discovery and optimization of small molecules candidates, addressing multiple development requirements for a successful drug. The latest development in AI allow for the generation of innovative small molecules that can address the urgent need for novel drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. The pharmaceutical industry is willing to invest in novel breakthrough technology that could potentially provide solution to its pain point. To summarize, from Evogene's perspective, given its 2 decades of computational biology expertise, its natural evolution to its existing and new available computational tools to impact the drug discovery field. Here, I present just a few of the recent examples for multi-million agreements between competition companies and global pharma. We are now targeted to showcase our differentiated technology offering in this space to attract meaningful collaborations with biotech and pharma companies. In the past, we have shown our ability to partner with global AG leaders such as Bayer and Corteva. We will now turn our focus to the drug discovery space, and we expect that the convergence of our existing ChemPass AI engine and new computational tools will prove rewarding. If you ask yourself if Evogene can be a significant player in this market of AI for pharma, the answer is clearly yes. Over the years, we have established internal advanced AI capabilities to develop proprietary machine learning and deep learning algorithms, enabling us to create a cutting-edge AI applications that drive our tech engines. Our highly skilled algorithms teams consistently develop innovative and successful AI solution, reinforcing our leadership in the field. Everything we developed for ChemPass AI in the past years, which until now was successfully implemented in agriculture alone is relevant and applicable for small molecule drug discovery. In this slide, we listed the main capabilities and differentiators of ChemPass AI for drug discovery, uniquely positioning Evogene to initiate discussion with potential partners. I would like to focus on one of our exciting technology differentiators, the foundation model we are developing in collaboration with Google Cloud. This proprietary AI model will provide a solution to the need for novel small molecules, as I mentioned earlier. After training on 40 billion data points, this model will generate brand-new undiscovered chemical entities with properties that address product requirements. At present, Evogene has established an internal business development team focused on creating partnerships with biotech and pharma companies to support their development efforts of small molecules-based drugs. The map points to origin countries of companies we are currently in initial contact with. We expect some of these to materialize into collaboration agreements, and I will be happy to disclose such information when it matures. Let's move on to review our subsidiaries' main targets for 2025. I would like to begin with Casterra, Evogene's wholly-owned subsidiary focused on developing an integrated solution for the large-scale commercial farming of castor, leveraging its unique elite seed varieties. Casterra's solution is designed to meet the global demand for a stable castor oil supply, primarily for biofuels and bio-based products. The company is utilizing the GeneRator AI tech engine to drive and accelerate the development of its distinct elite castor seed varieties. The company's main target for 2025 includes, increase in castor seeds revenue in Africa and initial sales in Brazil and other territories. Initiation of proof-of-concept trials for grain farming with a Tier 1 partner in Kenya or Brazil. These trials will allow Casterra to explore a new commercial horizon as a provider of grain to the castor oil industry in addition to its current activity as a seed supplier. Casterra will develop new varieties and advance at least 2 new lines to the pre-commercial phase. It also aims to develop a solution for reducing rising quantity in milk to be used as organic fertilizer. Casterra also expects to strength and improve seed production facility in Kenya and Brazil. It is clear that year 2024 was very significant for Casterra, and we are looking with anticipation to its continued expansion in 2025. Continuing with Lavie Bio, a global leader in developing next-generation ag biological product powered by the MicroBoost AI tech engines. Lavie Bio main targets for 2025 include a new collaboration agreement for fungicides, an increase in the sales of Yalos, its commercial biomiculant and in its existing collaboration with ICL for biostimulant and with Corteva for biopesticides, the company is expected to reach R&D milestones. Next, I would like to review the main targets for 2025 of AgPlenus, a company specializing in the development of novel and sustainable crop protection products utilizing Evogene ChemPass AI tech engine. Targets include milestone achievement in the collaboration with Corteva for herbicides, execution of the work plan in the collaboration with Bayer, discovery of small molecules with new mode of action in the Septoria program and a new collaboration agreement for fungicide in same program. AgPlenus is benefiting from the progress Evogene made in 2024 in its ChemPass AI tech engines and will continue to leverage Evogene investment in this engine in the future to accelerate company growth. Now turning to Biomica, which specialized in developing microbiome-based therapeutics for human health, powered by the MicroBoost AI tech engine. At present, as already stated, Biomica is primarily focused on advanced its immune oncology program with its lead candidate, BMC128. The Phase I clinical study is nearing completion with positive results observed in the 5 patients showing prolonged response. The main target for Biomica for 2025 are, to complete Phase I study in the oncology program, obtain full results and additional supporting clinical data, submit IND application to the U.S. FDA and obtain FDA approval for the Phase II study. In addition, the company initiated in 2024 2 new programs, obesity and longevity. The main target for these programs is to complete discovery and in vitro validation and seek partners for collaborations. This concludes my part in this call. And now Yaron will continue with the CFO update. Yaron?

As of December 31, 2024, Evogene had consolidated cash, cash equivalents and short-term bank deposits of approximately $15.3 million. The consolidated cash usage during the fourth quarter of 2024 was approximately $4.6 million. Excluding Lavie Bio and Biomica, Evogene and its other subsidiaries used approximately $1.5 million in cash during the fourth quarter of 2024. Cash usage for 2024, excluding Lavie Bio and Biomica was approximately $10.4 million, marking a notable 17% decrease from approximately $12.5 million in 2023. Revenues for the 12 months of 2024 were approximately $8.5 million, an increase from approximately $5.6 million in the same period the previous year. This growth was primarily driven by revenues recognized from AgPlenus' new collaboration with Bayer and increased Casterra's revenues from the supply of castor seeds during the period. Revenues for the fourth quarter of 2024 were approximately $1.6 million compared to approximately $0.6 million in the same period the previous year. The increase was mainly attributable to the increase in Casterra's seed sales and the collaboration with Bayer, as mentioned above. Research and development expenses, net of non-refundable grants, for the 12 months of 2024 were approximately $16.6 million, a significant decrease from approximately $20.8 million in the 12 months of 2023. The decrease in expenses is mainly due to the cease of Canonic's activities and a decrease in certain development expenses in Biomica, Evogene and Lavie Bio as compared to the same period the previous year. Research and development expenses, net of non-refundable grants, for the fourth quarter of 2024 were approximately $3.4 million, and decreased as compared to approximately $5.5 million in the same period in the previous year. The decrease is mainly attributable to decreased expenses in Lavie Bio, Biomica, Evogene and the cease of Canonic's operations as mentioned above. Sales and marketing expenses for the 12 months of 2024 were approximately $3.4 million, a slight decrease from approximately $3.6 million in the same period in the previous year. Sales and marketing expenses for the fourth quarter of 2024 were approximately $0.7 million, a slight decrease from approximately $1 million in the same period in the previous year. The decrease is mainly due to the cease of Canonic's activities. General and administrative expenses for the 12 months of 2024 increased to approximately $7.4 million from approximately $6.1 million in the same period of the previous year. The increase is mainly attributable to expenses recorded in Casterra due to a provision on a doubtful debt of a seed supplier and transaction costs related to Evogene's fundraising that occurred in August 2024, totaling approximately $1.5 million. General and administrative expenses for the fourth quarter of 2024 increased slightly to approximately $1.4 million compared to approximately $1.2 million in the same period of the previous year. The decision to cease Canonic's operation in the first half of 2024 resulted in other expenses of approximately $0.5 million, mainly due to impairment of fixed assets in the first quarter of 2024. The operating loss for the 12 months of 2024 was approximately $22.2 million, a decrease from approximately $26.5 million in the same period of the previous year, mainly due to increased revenues and decreased research and development expenses, offset by increased general and administrative expenses and other expenses, as mentioned above. The operating loss for the fourth quarter of 2024 was approximately $4.6 million, a decrease from approximately $7.6 million in the same period of the previous year, mainly due to increased revenues and decreased research and development expenses as mentioned above. Financing income net for the 12 months of 2024 was approximately $4.2 million, compared to approximately $0.5 million in the same period of the previous year. Financing income net for the fourth quarter of 2024 was approximately $4.6 million, compared to approximately $0.3 million in the same period of the previous year. The increase in financial income, net, during the 12 months period and the fourth quarter of 2024 as compared to the respective periods of 2023 was mainly associated with accounting treatment of pre-funded warrants and warrants issued in August 2024 fund raising. Pre-funded warrants and warrants were classified as a liability on the consolidated statements of financial position were initially recorded at fair value and subsequently remeasured at each reporting period using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. As a result, during 2024 the company recorded net financial income, related to pre-funded warrants and warrants of approximately $3.4 million. The net loss for the 12 months of 2024 was approximately $18.1 million, compared to approximately $26 million in the same period of the previous year. The net loss for the fourth quarter of 2024 was approximately $5,000, compared to approximately $7.3 million in the same period of the previous year. The $7.9 million decrease in net loss for the 12 months of 2024 as compared to the 12 months of 2023 was primarily due to increased revenues, decreased research and development expenses and increased financial income, net related to warrants, offset by increased general and administrative expenses as mentioned above. The $7.3 million decrease in net loss for the fourth quarter of 2024 as compared to the fourth quarter of 2023 was primarily due to increased revenues, decreased research and development expenses and increased financial income net related to warrants as mentioned above. Operator?

[Operator Instructions]. The first question is from Ben Klieve of Lake Street Capital Markets. You typically release cash burn guidance, but did not do so today. What is your expected cash burn for 2025? And if you are not able to disclose, can you please explain why?

Ben, this is Yaron. We're happy to have you on this call with us, and thank you for your question. Our expected cash burn for 2025 from operations is expected to be between $6 million to $7 million. This amount does not include any cash that will come in from selling one or more of our subsidiaries.

The next question also from Ben Klieve. You described exit efforts for your subsidiaries more today than you commonly do. How advanced are these efforts? And how many subsidiaries are under consideration for an exit?

Ben, this is Ofer. And of course, like Yaron said, we are very happy to have you with us. I can't talk much about where we are standing in this -- in the process. But I think from the fact that both Nir Nimrodi, our Chairman -- new Chairman and me are putting a lot of focus on this aspect on how we're going to fund the company in the future, I think this is very clear that we are putting a lot of efforts and emphasis in, in advancing to achieve those targets. I'm very happy that our subsidiaries create a real interest in the ag industry. The current situation of the industry is not great, but still because of the quality of our subsidiaries, we see a nice level of interest in what this company are doing, definitely for collaboration, but also maybe for more strategic opportunity. So again, I can't disclose much, but probably we won't mention it the way we mentioned it if we didn't feel that something like this might happen in the reasonable future.

A further question from Ben Klieve. You noted an expectation for initial sales in Brazil at Casterra in 2025. Please elaborate on, one, this expected to be from sale of seed or oil? And two, what line of business your potential customer is in, refiner, grain processor, other?

So with respect to this question, as we disclosed in the past, we have 2 seed production site, 1 in Brazil and 1 in Kenya. No doubt during 2025 most of our efforts was focusing on Kenya and this is where today we hold the majority of our seed inventory and when we are doing most of the activity still we have seed production site in Brazil and we also have seeds apart from our inventory, it's currently located in Brazil. And what we are planning for 2025 is both, seed sales and we have a sales team on site. But we also are planning to conduct a PoC field trial to demonstrate the quality of our variety in advanced growth protocol. And we believe that this could generate -- I don't know if this year, but definitely next year can generate revenue from selling of grain. Currently, the market in Brazil and also in Kenya, there is a huge demand for castor grain. So almost everything that you can grow, you can sell. But of course, the question is you need to compare the amount of money you need to invest in growing the crop compared to the price of the grain. And this is the challenge, we believe that our variety with the growth protocol that we develop can generate a nice margin for everybody in this process. So to make -- to answer your question, this year, yes, definitely, we are focusing on seed sales, but also, we start activity with respect to grain sales. And here, we are talking with crushing factory. There is a few of them in Brazil, and we are in good relationship with all of them.

The next question from Brett Reiss of Janney Montgomery Scott. What is the base case sales goal for Yalos spring wheat and soybeans?

We didn't disclose this information. What I can say is that we see growing interest from previous year with respect to spring wheat. But what we are even more feeling positive about is that selling Yalos for soybean grower, it seems to be easier from selling it to the wheat grower mainly because the margin on soybean is much higher compared to wheat and into the [Indiscernible] of grower to use a different type of product to increase yield is higher compared to wheat. So I can't disclose more because we are really in the penetration period, and we feel that it will be -- it's hard to predict, but it will be better than previous year.

The next question from Scott Henry of AGP. How should we think about the magnitude of castor sales in 2025? Would you expect Q1 '25 to be the largest quarter? How long is the shelf life of castor seeds?

I will start with the last question. The shelf life of castor seed is few years. And this is why we feel comfortable to produce castor for the inventory. So the 400 tons, we can keep them for quite a while. But of course, we are hoping to sell most of it during this year or the beginning of next year. With respect to how should we expect Q1 2025, again, there is always the question, are we referring just to Casterra or are we referring to all of the Evogene Group, we have other subsidiaries that generate revenue. And this is a little bit hard to address because there could be -- and we are targeting and generate additional revenue through the other subsidiaries. But with respect to Casterra, first quarter, it will be definitely as we already disclosed that we delivered 250 tons, so it will be a nice quarter for Casterra. But I don't -- I'm not expecting this will be the strongest quarter for the company until the end of the year. So there is more to expect coming from Casterra in 2025.

A further question from Scott Henry. For the agricultural line, what should we expect for milestones in 2025? Can you add color to the magnitude of the timing?

So I think that I was trying to disclose the answer to this question through a very detailed target for each subsidiary for 2025. So I think that we try to emphasize what we're expecting from Casterra for 2025, and we already started to disclose part from the achievement in the first quarter. We just now finished February, which is really the beginning of the year, but still we are -- we start this year in a positive way with Casterra. And we have some expectation also from the other subsidiaries in the field segment, in the Ag segment, Lavie Bio and AgPlenus. I think that we have a very strong pipeline. And as I mentioned earlier, this to create a very nice interest based on their performance during 2024. And I think that there are some ongoing discussion already on potential future collaborations. And as I said, you can see almost everything in the very detailed target for 2025 as we release today.

The next question, a follow-up from Brett Reiss. What do you think the structure of the relationship between your possible joint venture partner in producing oil, 50-50? Or do they take the risk of financing and execution and we take back a royalty?

So currently, when we are talking about growing -- using our seeds in order to grow castor for grain, so we are taking the responsibility on the seed production and the cultivation itself, the farming itself. And then we are selling the grain, and we grow under an offtake agreement. We are not growing just because we already know to who we are going to sell the grain. And we also agreed on what's going to be the price. So we know exactly how much we are going to get for every ton of castor grain that we are going to get. We don't take any obligation or responsibility on the seed -- on the crushing of the grain into oil. This is -- definitely not during 2025. So -- and this year, it's going to be a proof-of-concept. We are targeting -- we already initiated as we disclosed the first season in Kenya and we might -- and based on the results that we are going to get, we might expand this activity in the second season started in September this year. So I hope that I disclose a little bit more about the structure that we are targeting, but this is just the beginning. I can imagine in the future, many different structure, but the risk on Casterra/Evogene is very limited.

The next question, a further question from Scott Henry. Expense items, SG&A and R&D were lower in Q4 2024. Are these levels reflective for what we should expect in 2025 or is there another step down?

First, I would like to say, and I'm just mainly focusing on answering the question. So I'd like to thank, of course, to Scott and Brett joining this call. So once again, thank you for your interest in Evogene. With respect to the following question, so I would like to say the following. Putting aside Biomica that this company because of the structure of activity that if they start to -- if they initiate a clinical trial or they start to produce their products for clinical trial which then -- [ which serves ] a quite significant effect on the P&L, the consolidated P&L. So I think that what we saw in Q4, it's going to present what we are going to see also in 2025 and might even be an additional decline in the company expenses. So yes, and I think that we also disclosed this information in our press release today that we start a process of reducing our headcount that it will be completed in Q1 at the end -- until the end of Q1. So we are going to see continue in expense reduction in Q1 compared to Q4 2024 and maybe even more in Q2 2024 -- 2025.

There are no further questions at this time. Mr. Haviv, would you like to make your concluding statement?

Yes. I would like to thank everybody for joining to this call. We finished year 2025 -- 2024, it wasn't an easy year, but I think that still the numbers show that the company continued with its progress. You can see it in the increase in the revenue. You can see the decline in the expenses. I think that our subsidiary is now in a great position to -- so it can allow us to do the next step and capture the value on our investment in these subsidiaries. And I'm looking forward to continue our discussion and continue to share with you our progress in the upcoming analyst call.

Thank you. This concludes Evogene's Fourth Quarter 2024 Results Conference Call. Thank you for your participation. You may go ahead and disconnect.