Exxon Mobil Corporation (XOM) Earnings Call Transcript & Summary

Okay. We are going to go ahead and kick off our first lunch keynote section here today. For those of you that don't know me, my name is Devin McDermott, and I head our North American Energy Research team here at Morgan Stanley, and I am very happy to be joined by Jack Williams, Senior Vice President at ExxonMobil and one of the members of the management committee at the corporation as well. We are going to kick off with a few prepared remarks from Jack and then dive right into Q&A from there. So without any further pause, Jack, I'll turn it over to you.

Great. Thank you. Thank you, Devin. Appreciate it. A cautionary statement. I'll be making some forward-looking statements. Our strategy at ExxonMobil kind of starts out with this, the and equation that we've -- you've probably heard us talk about before, which is as the world's population grows and people are going into rising into the middle class, improving standards of life, there's more of a need for energy and essential products, and we feel like we need to be increasing our production to meet those needs. And at the same time, we need to be reducing emissions. So that's kind of core to our strategy as a corporation. And a key way we execute that strategy is through leveraging these competitive advantages that we have, that we built up over decades. I'm talking about their scale, the integration of our businesses, technology and then some deep functional capabilities around like project management, operations management, personnel and process safety, emissions reduction, those kind of key competencies, key capabilities that we have as a corporation and all underpinned by our people and the significant time and effort we put into developing our workforce. And these capabilities have kind of -- the way -- what we've been working on the last 6, 7, 8 years is making sure that our organization is structured to where we can really leverage these capabilities. We made some great strides in being able to do that. And these competitive advantages, these capabilities have kind of unleashed lots of opportunities. So we have this unmatched pipeline of opportunities that has been enabled by and sometimes initiated by these competitive advantages. Like, for instance, the big project we just executed in Singapore, the Singapore Resid upgrade project, where it was leveraging 2 big proprietary ExxonMobil technology. So it's never been done before project. Like the acquisition of Pioneer Natural Resources, where we brought a technology toolkit that enabled us to get more out of those resources and therefore, enable deal space to allow that deal to happen. Like in Guyana, where we are leveraging our project management expertise to deliver more value from those resources for the Guyanese government people and for the -- our shareholders. And then like new product lines like a new graphite material that's going to be put in battery anodes, lithium-ion battery anodes is going to be able to deliver faster charging and longer life for the batteries. So those capabilities are core to being able to open up opportunities. And then that's manifested in a plan that we've talked about going out to 2030 that generates a 13% CAGR earnings growth over that time period, $25 billion of earnings improvement, $35 billion of operating cash flow improvement. And it's a plan. It's not an aspiration, it's not a target, it's a plan. And that's on the back of continued growth in the Permian, continued growth in Guyana in the upstream, in Product Solutions, it's continued growth in high-value products as we high grade the yield of our product slates. It's structural cost reductions continuing on and gives us a really nice runway up to 2030. And then we're looking beyond that as well. So we see further runway beyond 2030. Think about some LNG projects we're working on, progressing that have not been FID'd yet, but are progressing along. Mozambique, Papua New Guinea. Think about these products, the graphite I just mentioned, Proxxima coming into the fold. So continuing to look at the things that will be providing that same level of earnings growth beyond 2030 as well. But if you think about just between now and 2030, just real quick simple math here in terms of shareholder returns, the 13% earnings CAGR is that big bar that I just talked about, but that's in addition to a pretty competitive annual dividend yield and then also the accretion via share buybacks. So when you combine earnings growth, assuming we have a similar multiple and the dividend and share buybacks, you get with a pretty competitive overall total shareholder return over the coming years. So that's the simple quick ExxonMobil story. And with that, we can turn on over to some Q&A.

Well, a lot that I want to dive into there. And before we go into some of the specifics on the plan and the differentiating attributes of Exxon's portfolio, I just wanted to address upfront given the situation in the Middle East at the moment, which I know is extremely fluid. Could you just talk briefly about how Exxon is positioned to manage through these periods of volatility? And any operational or financial call-outs you want to make, please feel free to add that in as well.

Sure. Well, it's -- as you said, very dynamic, very uncertain situation, certainly mourning those lost in this operation so far. We are a top priority concern for us is our people in the region. And we have folks in Saudi Arabia, in UAE and in Qatar, and we're focused on their safety as our top priority. Coming into this, the market was -- the crude markets were -- and I'd say LNG markets as well, were very well supplied. So there's a pretty large good foundation to build off of. And clearly, this is a big disruption. And like others have, I'm sure, already said and everybody has already heard, it really comes down to how long the Strait of Hormuz is going to be closed, closed for tanker traffic. For ExxonMobil, I mean, we have some implications for operations in the region. But by and large, when you step back and look at our global footprint, we have assets all over the world. We have upstream, downstream. We have a big trading operation that we operate a large long-term charter fleet, so we can move feed and we can move products around the world to optimize and optimize around this situation. So as you said, very fluid, very dynamic, and we're optimizing around it like others are. I just think we have a few more tools to be able to optimize that. One observation I would make in terms of how things sit in the U.S. is clearly, when you think about crude, it's a global market, and we priced accordingly, and we'll bear the brunt of that as well. But you think about physical supply of crude and supply of products and supply of natural gas in the U.S., I mean we are obviously very, very well positioned because of the shale revolution that took place over the last decade, where we have a lot of natural gas production here in the U.S., a lot of crude production, and it's positioned our refining and chemical industries very healthily, too, in terms of feed and energy costs. So we have good physical access to what we need here, but the prices obviously are subject to the global market.

Great. Thanks. [indiscernible] monitor how it all unfolds. And let's dive in then to some of the differentiating attributes of Exxon portfolio strategy, growth profile. It's notable that over the entirety of these last 5 years, this post-COVID recovery for the sector, Exxon has been an outperformer versus the broader industry and versus peers. And even this year with what's been kind of a beta rally in crude. Exxon has been one of the leaders in the sector, outperforming some of the higher oil torque small cap E&Ps that I think is noteworthy and probably speaks to some of the differentiating attributes of your strategy that appeals to a broader investor universe. So from your perspective, talk a little bit about some of the strengths of the Exxon portfolio, the strategy, what's delivered such good results? What's different than the peer group?

Yes. Thanks, Devin. I mean it really gets back to these competitive advantages that we talked about that we're leveraging. And I do think I've certainly been pleasantly surprised with the impact the organization changes we've made have really brought those advantages and allowed us to leverage those advantages more than we were able to before. The advantages are enduring and decades long to build up when you think about building up technology expertise, project management expertise, so forth. But being able to fully leverage them was really unlocked by this organization structure where we have our businesses, Upstream, Product Solutions and Low Carbon Solutions. And then we pulled out all these capabilities into these central organizations, technology, projects, operations, trading, supply chain, these big organizations that support all our businesses and allow us to really fully leverage that scale. And so I really think that's really unlocked -- I threw out a few examples in my opening remarks and allowed us to have what I think is the bottom line of why we've outperformed because we've been growing earnings and cash flow. And we've been growing earnings and cash flow by continuing to invest in advantaged opportunities. We haven't pulled back on investment. We've continued to lean in because we have really, really good opportunities. And I'd like to think those opportunities are largely because of what we bring, the advantages we bring, and we can extract more value from those discrete opportunities than our competitors can. So I think the other thing I would point to, and again, it's related to this organization is the structural cost reductions that we've had $15 billion so far, and we've announced going up to $20 billion. And the 2030 overall earnings growth that I mentioned earlier, I think there's some market credibility with that because we're doing a lot of the same things that we did over the last 5 years that have generated even higher than 13% CAGR on earnings growth. So it's a lot of the same structural cost reductions and same projects, same areas where we think there's a lot more room to run. And as I said, I'd like to think that the stuff we're talking about and that people see visibility to beyond 2030 is starting to impact some of how people think about terminal value for the corporation and that we can continue that growth rate longer term. And of course, that's going to have an impact on market value.

Great. So let's dive into what continues that growth rate and some of the pillars of this earnings uplift through 2030. And it's notable that you increased earnings and increased the volume outlook for one of your key assets, the Permian and the U.S. without picking up capital spending, which speaks to efficiencies and technology. Can you just talk to some of the drivers of that increase in the Permian? You highlighted these stackable technologies, including advanced proppant alongside your corporate plan late last year. Give us some of those building blocks. What's changing? What's the technology evolution of the asset?

Yes. Well, I mean that is a part of the story. We're going from 1.2 million barrels a day to 2.5 million barrels a day in 2030. And that's a lot of growth. And we're not trying to just grow more volumes. We're trying to grow earnings and cash flow and focus on the quality of the earnings. And that's where the technology has really helped us out to really -- we're starting with an advantaged position. When you take contiguous acreage position we had in the Delaware Basin and we added in the Midland Basin with the Pioneer acquisition. In both basins, we have a nice big core contiguous acreage position, which helps to set the foundation upon which to deploy these technologies. It helps you drill -- have the ability to drill these longer laterals to set up these cube developments that have and are continuing to add a lot of value in terms of our ultimate recovery and unit earnings. So that we start with that and then you leverage in these technologies on top of that, that we're kind of in the midst of on the fly deploying. So some have been deployed, some are yet to be deployed. And so it's difficult to get good apples-to-apples, but we think we're getting 20% uplift on the lightweight proppant, which was an interesting technology because it really did -- it points to this central technology organization and having upstream and downstream researchers sitting side by side and seeing the downstream folks understanding the proppant characteristics and how that could help in terms of a lightweight proppant that's going to allow a bigger fracture and a larger effective wellbore to increase recovery. And so we're -- we've only -- we deployed that only like about 1/4 of the wells last year, about half the wells this year, and we're going to continue to ramp that up. So that's still kind of in deployment. But really, I would say -- and we've talked about the synergies with Pioneer, and we had some reverse synergies as well, but $4 billion a year of synergy capture, that certainly helps, good acreage positions to start with certainly helps and then the technology is the big 800-pound gorilla that helps us to really drive that going forward. And we talked about the growth to 2030, but we continue to see that growth beyond that as well. So that is a big engine. The Permian is a big part of that story.

Great. So let's stick with efficiencies, but a different bucket, cost reductions. Another big pillar in growth for you all through 2030 is the cost reduction initiatives that you have in place. You've achieved $15 billion so far since 2019, $20 billion total target by 2030. Talk about where you see room from here for further cost reductions? What are some of the opportunities you all are focused on delivering?

They are important. I mean when you think about growing the business. And if you can grow the business, grow top line revenue and without cost increases because you're offsetting the growth cost with efficiency reductions, that's a powerful formula for growing the business profitably. And that's kind of what we've been doing the last several years. We've had these great growth opportunities, and we set ourselves up with tailwinds from these structural cost reductions that have helped essentially fund, if you will, the growth. And that's, again, largely come from this structure I talked about before, where you have these large organizations that are taking more of a focus on some of these areas than we were able to before. So the one I'll mention because it reports into me, and I know it a little better than some of the other ones is supply chain. So we had supply chain set up in all our businesses before, but they're relatively siloed and we weren't able to fully leverage the scale of the corporation. So I think we had capable supply chain organizations before that were enabling us to get what we needed to manufacture our products and to get our products to market and so forth. When you pull all that together and looked at the full corporation scope of supply chain, it allowed us to make investments in that to really step change, enhance our supply chain operations. So for instance, setting up twins, digital twins for all our marine fleet. And therefore, we're getting like a 10% reduction in fuel usage or being able to do a much better job of demand management, which is not something we've done as well a job in the upstream as we had done in, say, like chemicals or lubricants, and setting up modeling for a lot of the logistics routes that we have and the warehouses we have to reduce the capital employed, working capital. So a lot of things like that just kind of that when you're looking at across a large segment of the entire corporation add up to some significant impact. So that in and of itself is looking to be $5 billion of reduction just in supply chain over the time period. So lots and lots of opportunity. And we saw that same thing. We're seeing that same thing in operations. We just set the global operations organization. It's kind of the newest that we set up. But when you think about maintenance operations across our entire fleet, turnaround across our entire fleet, there's more to come on that.

Great. And then what about the potential impacts of new technologies and AI specifically? Can you talk about how Exxon is focused on deploying that across your business, cost reductions or otherwise and how that might flow through is going to be upside to the plan as you look out long term?

Yes, I think there is. I mean I would say, as we think about that 2030 plan, there's no material AI improvements built in. So to the extent that we can leverage AI and get benefits in a reasonably short-term time frame, that's clearly upside to our outlook. We're focused right now on -- we know ultimately, it's going to help impact productivity, and we're playing with that a bit, but I think there's more to go on that. But the real focus we're making is on the step changes. Can we look at opportunities like seismic? Can you apply AI? We have the largest data set of anybody out there in terms of seismic data. Can we deploy AI to see things that we missed before to have more of an objective lens in terms of what we're looking for in terms of seismic. Can we enhance our discovery rate? The other thing we're doing in terms of data because I think -- I mean, I'm not telling anybody any surprise. I think data is going to be really, really key, obviously, in the whole AI space. We are going from -- we're in the process and pretty far along, over halfway through this process of going from 10 ERPs that are highly customized, a lot of customized code and not all consistent across the corporation to one instance, one SAP instance that is very -- does not have much customization at all, kind of a clean core, if you will, and so doing that, we're looking at all our processes across the corporation, making sure we're standard and structured and where we can be kind of -- we can take an SAP customer right out of the box. And then looking at all the data that goes along with that and having clean data sets across the corporation and bringing all that into one place. So we're really setting ourselves up to have a really, really good clean data structure and processes -- enterprise-wide processes going forward to really leverage that opportunity.

A lot unfolding there for sure. Let's shift over to one of your key growth assets or one of those points that you mentioned might be relevant, which is seismic and new technology there. So Guyana is where I want to go next. You've had this very substantial 11 billion barrel of oil equivalent recoverable resource estimate out there for several years now. If you think about emerging technology, the development opportunities from here and also the fact that a large portion of the block has been in force majeure and that might no longer be the case 12 months from now. How do you think about the opportunity set? And what opportunities are you focused on capitalizing on as you monetize the asset going forward?

Well, look, that's a real pride point for us, the Guyana operation. And as a matter of fact, I was just down there last week. And boy, it's just -- that's one of the really fun things about this role is I get to go visit and see what our teams, our Upstream project operations teams can do on the ground when you have a resource like that. And it's incredibly impressive what we've been able to -- with 4 FPSOs out there over 900,000 barrels a day, building an organization there, a lot of developing the Guyanese, interfacing with those folks, it was -- it's truly, truly impressive. 11 billion barrels -- 11 billion oil equivalent barrels is a tremendous resource. It is a huge resource. Back in 2018, that number was a little bit over 3 billion. And so -- and a lot of that was just success after success. And as I mentioned earlier, our project management team have been able to extract even more value by getting these new FPSOs on under budget and faster than scheduled. So it's just been a tremendous effort. Guyana will benefit from 4D seismic from day 1, if you will. We have base seismic over the whole thing. We're already shooting 4D. So that will be a huge uplift in terms of the ability to optimize recovery across that asset. And then as you said, Devin, I mean, this -- the block we have in Guyana is the size of Massachusetts. So it's a large block. And a bit over 1/3 of it has been inaccessible because of border disputes. And hopefully, that will be cleared up within the next year or so and allow us to go in and it's prospective and allow us to go in and start gathering data and hopefully drilling some wells in that area of the block. So I do think there is upside going forward. I do think what we have is incredibly impressive and only half of the boats are out there right now. We have 4 FPSOs producing. We have 3 more under construction right now and one more that's going through approval processes. So a lot more growth in terms of actual earnings and cash flow to come. And we'll continue to work on -- if there's more than 11 billion barrels out there, we're going to find it.

All right. Good stuff. So the border dispute in the force majeure is tied to Venezuela. And maybe we'll just address that quickly since it's been topical so far this year. Just talk about where Exxon stands on sending a team in to evaluate, as you all talked about in the past. And what would need to happen for Exxon to make investments in a country like that? How do you contrast return versus the other deep set of opportunities you have broadly across your portfolio?

We have -- so we have an evaluation team that we've kind of put together. We have -- there's an OFAC license that would allow us to go in the country. We're working logistical and security arrangements right now. So within a few weeks, I'd say we're probably going to have a team in country starting to look at get boots on the ground. Obviously, we've been in Venezuela before. We've been expropriated twice. We know the asset. We know the resource pretty well. We had a very successful operation there. I recall it fondly, really good operation before. So no doubt, we can go in there and replicate that. And I would say, even enhance that because the heavy oil technologies, we've continued to -- through our Canadian affiliate through what we've been doing up there at Kearl and Cold Lake, we've continued to refine some of the heavy oil technology, and that would be applicable there as well in Venezuela. So I think we can do even better than we were before in terms of technology toolkit that we can bring. Obviously, we would need to see some changes in terms of the physical regime there and security arrangements to make sure that we would have something we can take comfort in, in terms of being able to have a long-term operation without getting kicked out. So I think we'll continue to look at that and work with the Venezuelan government to try to get the right terms in place. And if we can get those terms in place, and we will be interested in going back.

Okay. Makes a lot of sense. Let's stick on this theme of emerging opportunities and how that might translate to longer-term growth. You mentioned one of the goals of Exxon and the Exxon management team is to make sure you extend that growth runway beyond 2030. What are some of the opportunities that you all are focused on when you look at the next decade and what might facilitate or extend the attractive growth rate you all delivered on in the past in the future?

Yes. Good question. And I think, like I said, I think a lot of the contours are coming into place. The first thing I'll mention is we're working right now on some prospective LNG projects in Mozambique and then an expansion of our PNG LNG. And neither one of those would be ringing the cash register before 2030. So those would all be kind of 2030s projects. We're -- as I mentioned before, Permian, we continue to see growth in the 2030s. Guyana, hopefully, we'll continue to have 2030, 2031 FPSOs out there. So that will provide some growth. In Product Solutions, we have a large chemical franchise, large chemical business and a lot of growth and demand for our high-value products, and that would be something we'd be growing in the 2030s for sure. Continuing to work on high-grading the yield at our integrated manufacturing facilities. And 2 areas where technology has really played a big role, these new products that we have. I mentioned the graphite that is basically a synthetic petroleum coke product that we have found a way to manipulate the molecules to generate those improved -- improved performance that I mentioned earlier. So that looks really, really strong, and that will be largely be a 2030s type story, may get a little bit in 2029, but mostly a 2030 story. And then you may have heard us talk about Proxxima, which is a new material that we'll be working on, and that's probably, again, a little bit before 2030, but most of the runway there is in the 2030s. And that is a very versatile new material. Think about taking that into infrastructure, it's 75% lighter than steel and twice as strong. Think about taking that into coatings where it's corrosion-resistant and some applications right now that would take 3 coats, we can do in 1 coat. And so we think about marine vessels and recoating those and how you could reduce a shipyard visit, think about tanks and so forth getting us back in service, a lot, a lot of upside in that. It's going to take a while to kind of get these into formulations and get that moving, but we're very excited about that product. And it basically is both the graphite and Proxxima. Proxxima ultimately coming from a gasoline stream, a blending component in gasoline would be the feed into our Proxxima. So we're taking basically converting gasoline into different high-value products. And then as I mentioned, graphite is a resid stream coming out of our refineries as well. So really optimistic on that as well. And I think it just plays again to this technology theme, this central technology organization that has always been there. We've always had tremendous technology capability, but focusing that, harnessing that, we've been able to really leverage and take it to the bottom line impact. So pretty excited about all that. And all that's 2030 plus.

Great. I'm glad you mentioned Product Solutions and these new business opportunities. I personally think they are some of the more interesting and also underappreciated drivers of long-term growth for the Exxon portfolio and really differentiate you and your strategy versus the peer group. For Product Solutions specifically, it's also been a big year over the last 12 months of project starts for you all. I was wondering if you could just talk a little bit about the expected earnings contribution as everything ramps and specifically on some of the chemicals expansions you have come online, how that all fits in with the current macro picture for the [indiscernible] market and asset base, right now?

Yes, that's good. So -- and if you look at Product Solutions, our Product Solutions business, which is think about fuels, lubricants and chemicals altogether. And we've talked about between now and 2030, that would be a $9 billion earnings improvement and over that time period, which is essentially kind of doubling earnings on this kind of mid-cycle basis. So we're trying not to call the market on what we think the market is going to do, but just take the average mid-cycle margins on those 3. And as you mentioned, chemicals has been below that for the last year or 2. And there's various projections on it staying low for several more years. But as you think about that margin across our Energy Products, our Chemical Products and Specialty Products, the fourth quarter '25 total margin environment is about what we're expecting. So by 2030, that 2030 number would be a -- based on margins that are consistent with what we had in aggregate in fourth quarter of '25. So Energy Products was above the average. Chemical Products was below. Specialty Products were somewhere about on par. So combined, it's kind of that same margin environment that we're depending on. So we're not -- this is not -- our earnings projection is not counting on some big run-up in terms of margins. It's counting on, number one, the structural cost reduction we already talked about. Number two, the contribution from central organization. So I talked about supply chain earlier. A lot of the benefit from the supply chain is going to manifest in Product Solutions and some of that in operating expenses, but some of that in cost of goods sold. So it will accrue to margin and higher margin. We have the projects we brought on. So you mentioned our chemical project we brought on in China. I mentioned the Singapore project that we had online. We had another big project in the U.K. at our Fawley refinery. We had a renewable diesel project online in Strathcona in Canada. So all of those, we have not seen a full year of operation for those and the full year production. So there's more coming with those. And then in the China asset, we still have not gotten that fully on to the Performance Products or making some commodity products. And so we're in the process of getting the product slate that we want out of that facility. And so we're pretty optimistic once we get that up and running and on the right product slate that we'll be doing well there. So a lot on the projects, and that's a big part of it, but we've got a lot of other kind of ores in the water too, solutions.

Excellent. Maybe we could spend a moment just on capital allocation priorities. You all have indicated a plan to buy back $20 billion of shares in 2026, assuming reasonable market conditions. I mean 2 months ago, the debate would have been around lower oil prices. Now things are trending higher, at least for the time being. Just talk about your approach to shareholder distributions, especially buybacks? And how do you think about buying back shares with Exxon stock close to all-time highs at the moment.

Yes. So we have -- it's a pretty easy question for us. I think we're pretty clear on our capital allocation. First and foremost, we're going to invest in the business. And it gets back to -- we have great opportunities. We have a deep pipeline of opportunities, and we're going to invest in those opportunities. And that has served us well. And again, it's those competitive advantages that it's a virtuous cycle. They're going to generate more opportunities. When you invest in those opportunities, it's going to continue to grow cash flow. Second thing is we want to make sure we maintain a strong balance sheet because we want to continue to invest in the business throughout the cycle. So when you have throughout the run-ups in prices or down in prices, we all know it's a pretty cyclical business. We want to steadily continue to invest in the business. And to do that, we need that good strong balance sheet. So we want to maintain that. We've done a really good job of that. We're 11% net debt to capital right now. So we feel like we're in really good shape there. And then we want to reward our shareholders. And the first way we reward our shareholders is with the dividend, and we've grown our dividend for 43 consecutive years. We are very sensitive to the retail shareholder base that really relies on that dividend and that dividend growth. And we continue to have conversations on the amount of dividend growth with the Board and so forth. But we -- with a 43-year track record, you can assume that we're trying to maintain that strong record of growing dividends. And then the way we're thinking about buybacks is a couple of things is, one is staying to the extent we can, and it's the last leg on the stool, if you will, but as best we can, staying relatively ratable. So we talked about -- we were at $15 billion, we talked about $20 billion last year and this year. And if you stay relatively ratable there, then we're not trying to estimate where our stock price is going to be, whether it's low or high. And the other thing about that is it really does help with -- if you're increasing your dividend, then you're increasing the absolute dollars out the door and having fewer shares outstanding does help with that increasing dividend. And we are the second largest dividend payer in the S&P 500 right now. So that is quite a bit of cash going out the door. So that's kind of how we think about it. It all starts with investing in the business, maintaining the balance sheet and then rewarding our shareholders.

Makes a lot of sense. And our last minute here, I'm going to squeeze one more in for you. Having strong stock price and some of the technology advantages that you talked about before also could create opportunities for further consolidation. So I was wondering, given the success of the Pioneer deal, how is Exxon looking at further M&A in the landscape more broadly? And please answer that not just upstream, but broadly across your portfolio.

Yes. Thanks for the opportunity to squeeze that in, I may go a few seconds over. Look, we recognize that we're going to be continuing to grow earnings and cash flow in the business. We have really good organic opportunities, but we want to make sure we're looking at inorganic opportunities as well. And to make that work, to make M&A work, you have to bring something to the party. You have to bring something that opens up deal space beyond just G&A synergies. And so for the Pioneer deal, like I mentioned, the technology to have improved recovery in the Permian and some of that being already deployed, some of that being us basically betting on ourselves, betting on our technology organization, opened up that opportunity. And I do think that is having technology, having something that others don't have in terms of not only just a set of opportunities we have today that we point to the 40 stackable technologies, but also an organization behind that, that you know is continuing to innovate coming other way gives you the confidence to kind of step out on some of those things. So I do think we're going to continue to look. Obviously, you need a buyer and a seller, and that's a space for us, not just in the upstream and the unconventional, but also across our portfolio. I mentioned a couple of these technologies that we came out with. the Proxxima technology and also the graphite, there was 3 acquisitions in there that really kind of made those things work. We had a good bit of the technology equation. We needed a little bit more and that full equation with the acquisitions kind of made up -- got all the puzzle pieces together. So I would say it's across all our businesses, including Low Carbon and Product Solutions, but also across our technology. So it's an important tool in the toolbox and one that we're more and more making sure we can leverage.

Okay. Great. Well, we covered a lot of ground there. Really helpful update, great dialogue. I appreciate the time, Jack, and thank you all for joining us here in the room and tuning in on the webcast. We will wrap it there.

Thank you.