Kyndryl Holdings, Inc. (KD) Earnings Call Transcript & Summary

May 21, 2024

New York Stock Exchange US Information Technology IT Services conference_presentation 35 min

Earnings Call Speaker Segments

Tien-Tsin Huang

analyst
#1

I think this is on. My name is Tien-tsin Huang, I followed the IT services and payment sector and the -- it's been fun following Kyndryl. The stock's done really well. There's been a lot of hard work that's gone into it. So excited to get an update from the team Martin Schroeter, CEO, Chairman of Kyndryl, David Wyshner, CFO. Thank you both for being with us at another conference.

Martin Schroeter

executive
#2

Thank you, Tien-tsin. It's -- by the way, it's nice of you to say that it's fun following us. It's fun being followed now.

Tien-Tsin Huang

analyst
#3

That's true. That's true. Well, yes I hope it's fun but No, we're grateful to get to follow the company, of course. And again, it's been one of the better performers in our group. For those that are maybe newer to the name, Martin and David, does it make sense to maybe -- to go through the strategy, what's worked and what you're getting credit for and what's left to do? And what's left to head before we go into some of the details?

Martin Schroeter

executive
#4

Yes. Yes. Thank you, and good afternoon, everybody. Thank you for spending a little bit of time with us. We're always delighted to talk about Kyndryl. When we were spun out Tien-tsin, we had to, I think, prove a few things. We had to prove that the other really meaningful, important companies in enterprise tech were -- wanted to work with us because of what we did. And I think now that we've built a pretty substantial growth vector around our alliance activity I think we've proven that. I think we've proven that we can get paid for the work we do. And we -- for those who have seen our presentations, we've been very consistent in sharing the margin profile of what we're putting into the backlog. So I think we've proven that we create value and can capture that value from our customers. I think we had to prove that -- we had to prove that the advice we were providing that the skills that we had across not just the capabilities that we inherited, but the capabilities that we were investing in, I think we had to prove that those were value to customers. And I think we did that. And you can see that in our Kyndryl Consult business, which continues to have great momentum. And I think we had to prove that we could invest in this business in a way that would make it really compelling for customers to both stay with us and join us. Now we've been very focused on our customer base. We haven't been so focused on moving outside our customer base yet. But what we've learned enough from deploying our integrated delivery platform called Kyndryl Bridge and over 1,000 customers now we've learned enough to know that the innovation we're bringing to the market is really valuable for our customers and really valuable for us in the way we operate. So we've proven that we can make money. We've proven that we can bring innovation and work in new ways. We've proven that others in the tech space view us as important. And therefore, we're on our path to growth. All of those things have to continue. And while the backlog we inherited continues to diminish in its importance in our P&L. We're only at a point this year where half of our business is coming from what we've done since the spin. But with the proof points behind us now, and the growth vectors showing how rapidly they can grow, I think this is the year that we prove we get back to growth and then we keep growing from here. So the strategy that we defined, which I believe is unique to us. I think only Kyndryl could execute the strategy. The strategy that we've defined really capture those elements. We have a strategy, an element around alliances, which is growing quite well. We have an element around focus accounts, which is engaging with our customers and reimagining how we work together and help each other. And we have a strategy around advanced delivery, which is, again, getting Kyndryl Bridge in, create value for customers, create value for us. So all of that has to continue this year, and all of that is in a great spot as we start the year to continue to execute. Team's done a phenomenal job of executing. Underlying all of that is also all of the culture work we've been doing to create a great services culture. And I hear it from our customers every day that we are showing up differently. We are showing up in a much, much better way. We are the trusted partner to our customers. And now that we're independent, we are that trusted partner who can help them across their infrastructure, and they believe and they know that we can bring the best of technology to them. So always more to do. we've proven enough that I think the trajectory we're on and the things we've been talking about for 2.5 years are -- we're delivering quarter after quarter, year after year.

Tien-Tsin Huang

analyst
#5

No, it's great. Like everything you've talked about, the freedom of action and going through the anniversaries of the spin, it's played out very, very well. So hats off to you both for that. If we -- if we think about the results and I think the surprise and the celebration was on the pull forward and the inflection around revenue growth in the fiscal fourth quarter, so walk us on the specifics and the components to get there and to drive that confidence to say, hey, we're going to we're going to break through in the fourth quarter on revenue?

Martin Schroeter

executive
#6

Yes, sure. So let's just go back 2.5 years ago, we said calendar 2025 was when we would return to growth.

Tien-Tsin Huang

analyst
#7

Calendar.

Martin Schroeter

executive
#8

Calendar 2025. And really what we did -- 2 weeks ago when we provided guidance as we hit that in the earliest possible time, right? The first calendar quarter of 2025, which is our fourth fiscal quarter. Some of that is because obviously, we've made a ton of progress, a ton of progress in building a consult business that consult business, which is already delivering growth to Kyndryl in total, we'll punch even more strongly in our results this year. And the book-to-bill in that part of the business plus the momentum we see allows us to be confident that as we get through toward the end of this year that, that is a big supporter of growth in, again, our fourth fiscal quarter. Additionally, what we've been able to accomplish in our alliances activity, which, again, is its data services, it's security services, it's resiliency services around helping our customers move on to the hyperscalers. All of that business, which we delivered last year, we went basically from a standing start, i.e., we didn't have anything when we were spun out. That was already $500 million of revenue to us last year, and that this year, we'll get to about $1 billion of revenue, right? So the 2 growth factors that we pointed to already 2.5 years ago was what would enable growth in the calendar 2025. There is enough there already that allows us to put growth at the earliest possible time, which is our fourth fiscal quarter of this year. And then the things that we wanted to get done that the fixes that we wanted to put in place from last year those fixes are essentially behind us. We said we were going to essentially get out of or discontinue the no-profit resale of other people's equipment. And while it was a 3-point headwind to us last year on that engineered decline, we've eliminated. Now it's not either a headwind or a tailwind. It won't be, again, we're not rebuilding something that's just passing other people's revenue through. And similarly, again, the backlog we inherited was a pretty big decline last year. And yes, it's a bit of an impact. But as we get through the year, that continues to diminish. And like I said, when this year already 50% of our revenues are post-spin backlog, that's a profit statement as much as it is a growth statement. And as we get into next year, then obviously, it gets down to 1/3 and keeps diminishing. So the headwinds that we were trying to fix continue to diminish. The tailwinds, the growth vectors that we've created are doing as well as we would have hoped. And so you put all of that together in the fourth quarter, we get back to growth.

Tien-Tsin Huang

analyst
#9

Anything to add to that, David?

David Wyshner

executive
#10

I think that's right. We're really excited about the prospects that we have and the visibility is good too. Starting the year with 80-plus percent of our revenue coming from our backlog and our signings is really helpful as we model this out. And as Martin said, the growth in consult and how consult signings turn into revenue even faster than our typical managed services signings is a big part of it as well.

Tien-Tsin Huang

analyst
#11

Okay. I'll have to ask it again on consult. I know I asked it on the earnings call, but we've had a lot of your IT services peers here at this conference, and they're still talking about weak discretionary spend, low visibility on short-term project consulting type work, yet, you saw acceleration in the quarter. So can you remind us what separates Kyndryl Consult from the peer group? And what's the identity of Kyndryl Consult?

Martin Schroeter

executive
#12

Yes. So I think maybe the way to attack -- let me tell you what -- let me tell you what Kyndryl Consult isn't, and we'll talk a bit about what it is because we hear the same thing, this idea of discretionary being cut back, et cetera, et cetera. Another way to think about discretionary, I think about them as more like science projects, all CIOs do them. Our CIO has science projects going on. Don't tell David, he's [indiscernible]. But every CEO has a science project going on. Another way to think about a science project is that it probably doesn't have a really strong business outcome that's tied to it yet. It will at some point, but it doesn't yet. And our CIO customers tell us the same thing. Look, anything that is not delivering a business outcome with a business case that I can -- that suits the environment, I can't do, right? Very logical. So ours is not science experiments. And additionally, we're not in the low-value sort of staff augmentation space, right? If you have 100 people, you need to do something, and all of a sudden, you only need 80 you're going to get rid of somebody else's 20 first. Those parts we see -- but that's not the space in which we sit. Our Kyndryl consult business is built around and centered around the work we already do on the run side, which is mission-critical. And in the mission-critical world, we have the advantage of with Kyndryl Bridge, we see all of their infrastructure. So when our consultants show up, they say, look, we see this opportunity for you to improve the way this runs. And here's the business case and here's the payback. And if you want to go ahead, we'll get this done. So in mission-critical, you -- in any environment, if somebody showed up with a 6-month or a 9-month or a 3-month payback, you would do it. And by the way, even if the payback were a little bit longer, but it was mission critical and you had to. You're going to do it anyway, right? So because of the where we sit in the space, we're not working on science projects. We're working on mission-critical infrastructure tied to real business outcomes. And then secondly, I think it's important. It's -- what it also is, it's the front end. We sit at the front end of whatever technology they're trying to figure out will fit into their business. So I don't know if everybody knows this, but it turns out GenAI is kind of a thing people are talking about. You may have heard about it. Yes, it's kind of a thing. Well, every -- all of our customers, as they think about GenAI, they're thinking about, okay, I know the business is going to figure out some use cases. I'll let the business figure it out. But me as the CIO, me as the CTO. If I'm going to put this into a run environment, I need to figure out now already, how do I architect my data so I can capture it and use it? How do I create -- how do I maintain the resiliency features that I have today because it's going to be another thing out there. How do I make sure my data is secure. So all of that work has to happen long before you get to actually -- even a science experiment on GenAI, even an idea and how it might work. So -- we sit at the front end of many of these tech trends, GenAI, mainframe modernization, network and edge. I mean we sit at the front of that. So our business is sort of a precursor that CIOs have to undertake in order to be able to respond to their businesses when those technologies are either mature enough or they have the idea or have the use case. So again, mission-critical and business outcome linked which is popular in every macro environment, and we're at the forefront of the technologies that they are really starting to think about and CIOs have to be ready for.

Tien-Tsin Huang

analyst
#13

Understood. And I think you've talked about double-digit growth being visible, and I know there's still some room for that to become a bigger part of your business. Can you just describe the visibility, number one? And then secondarily, do you have the resources to deploy to get to where you want to be on the Consult side?

Martin Schroeter

executive
#14

Do you want to go?

David Wyshner

executive
#15

Yes. On the first part of that, we've been growing -- signing both revenues and signings in Consult double digits moving Consult as a percentage of what we do up significantly. So at the time of our spin, Consult was around 10% of our revenue -- now it's 15%, the most recent quarter is 16%. It's 20-ish percent of our signings, and we see real opportunity to move it up to be more than 20% or more of our revenue in the not-too-distant future. And obviously, the growth that's implied by that over the next couple of years is quite significant. Do you want talk about the resources or do you want me to?

Martin Schroeter

executive
#16

Sure. Look, we do. We are hiring obviously, as you would expect in a business growing at this rate and pace, but -- but we also have sort of a built-in in our delivery labor pool, right, we're 80,000 people. So we have scale. As we deploy Bridge, Bridge is only in 1,000 customers. They say only. That's a lot, but we have 4,000, right? So there's still a long -- a lot of runway left on Bridge as we deploy Bridge as we turn on the automations we have an opportunity then to take those people and to help deliver the consult side of this as well. So yes, we're hiring, yes, we can get the talent. And yes, we can -- we've created our own labor pools internally as well to help deliver consult. So works fabulously well. We -- the team has done a really nice job of wiring this in a way that allows us to achieve this myriad of outcomes all at the same time, all while delivering great value for customers. And Bridge is -- for our teams, it's like the world's greatest opportunity identifier. It's creating 3 million actionable insights a month. And my opinion, I think David shares my opinion is that we haven't even gotten that really wired well yet. We're not taking advantage of as much of that as we will as we get better at it. We're still kind of new at it. So there's more to do in more customers with more people. There's a long, long growth path ahead of us on this.

Tien-Tsin Huang

analyst
#17

Good -- and look, like I said, that's been a positive surprise and how well both Bridge and Consult have done, which is why I want to touch on it upfront. So I think the other question, just in general around cyclicality away from Consult, tell us how protected the business is? Or resilient of the business is in general, especially in the all the economies? I asked this, Martin and David, and I'm sure Lori knows, people ask about Japan and some of the changes that are happening there or maybe some geopolitical risk somewhere else. But it feels like you've been fairly resilient across. Can you describe that what that is?

Martin Schroeter

executive
#18

Yes. The role we play, running mission-critical is one that I think is fairly well insulated from macro. Our customers feel it, which means we have to be able to respond to them in whatever environment they are, but our revenues stay stable within that environment because even if you're a bank and your business, you expect to turn down by 1/7, that doesn't mean you turn your infrastructure off for a day out of the week. It just doesn't work that way, right? So, what we need to do, what's important for us because our revenues are fairly well insulated from whatever the macro environment is, but our teams need to be very responsive to the environment that our customers are in. And that's why it was so important for us to expand our capabilities. That's why it's so important for us to innovate and bring innovation because we have more and more tools to help them with whatever the challenge is. If the challenge is, "hey, in this environment, my 40% of my mainframe team is retiring, which is a big problem in a lot of our customers, I need your help." We can respond to that because we have thousands and thousands of deep mainframe experts who don't look like me. They look like my kids, right, because we have scale. We have an ability to bring insights through bridge to help them when they say, "Hey, I need to save some money. My cloud costs are exploding". Our Kyndryl Bridge consults can help them in a FinOps way can help them manage and optimize their cloud spend. Similarly with how they deploy, how they move on to cloud, similarly with how they're capturing and achieving their carbon goals, for instance. So our investments have enabled us to bring more capabilities and bring more innovation to them so that we can be responsive to their needs even though our revenues stay fairly insulated from that macro represents, for us, a great opportunity to better align with -- again, with their outcomes.

David Wyshner

executive
#19

And things like regulatory changes can actually be helpful to us. Their -- changes imposed on businesses, essentially from the outside that they have to respond to. And that's, again, necessary nondiscretionary work that we end up helping with. So in Japan, requirements about where technology activities are happening, create opportunities for us in Europe, DORA and the pressure that's putting on financial institutions there is a source of opportunities for us. I'd say, changes in cybersecurity and the threats associated with cyber create opportunities for us as well. And in the more nondiscretionary, the more mandatory, the more essential it is to respond to a change like that, the more likely it's going to play to our wheelhouse.

Tien-Tsin Huang

analyst
#20

Understood. Good. Thanks for going through that. So another topic I want to make sure I hit before we open it up. It's just your -- you made a bet with hyperscalers, of course, and that's paid off really, really well. You've added a lot of certified staff against that. But can you give us a little bit more what you exactly do? Where does the relationship begin? And I know there's still a lot of opportunity there, but what is the partnership exactly?

Martin Schroeter

executive
#21

Yes. Sure. So -- again, we asserted when we were spun out, we said the -- we knew -- we asserted that the biggest hyperscalers, the biggest tech players would want to partner with us because of the role we play in our customers' environments, and that's why we were able, for instance, to build and create a pretty deep, meaningful partnership with Microsoft within a week and Google a month later and Amazon, et cetera. And at the heart of those at the start and at the heart of each of those was kind of 3 things. One was a joint investment in skills. They're investing in our skills. So we could be credentialed and experienced on each of their platforms. One was a joint go-to-market so that we can show up together with our customers. That's what CIOs love more than anything else when they're a cloud provider and their services providers show up together. And there was a co-innovation element to each of these as well. And since then, and that's where each of them started. Since then, we continue to evolve this. So we've announced since an expansion of our relationship with Microsoft around GenAI. We've done that similarly with Google. We've done it with AWS. Our recent very small tuck-in acquisition was a play to help our customer base move their power workloads, IBM's power technology workloads into Azure. That's what this technology really does well. So each of these relationships started in a very meaningful way. We continue to evolve them to meet the needs of our joint and shared client base. And they'll keep evolving as the ecosystem keeps evolving. Outside of the hyperscalers, our customers were asking us to help them think through, as I mentioned earlier, the front end of technologies they asked us to help us help -- we need you to help us when we ultimately deploy GenAI. We need you to have your nose under the tent with NVIDIA. We need you to have NVIDIA's tools accessible through Bridge because that's how we run now. So we signed and announced yesterday a partnership with NVIDIA to help start that process. So our technical teams can now get together. Some of that will find its way into our cloud work as well. So each of these -- each of these represent, again, a commitment by the biggest tech companies who need our help because every one of our customers, everyone has chosen a cloud or multiple clouds, which means everyone has likely made a commitment to cloud consumption, which means everyone needs help in getting -- making that consumption real. So in the case of Azure, we have a health care provider where they're committed to Azure, fabulous. Azure needs us to help move and manage those workloads and the customer needs to consume that. So it works out really well. So as our customers evolve their needs, their technologies, we'll bring more and more into this. But for now, this is -- it's really worked in a way that allows us to deliver a ton of value to customers and a challenge that nobody else was helping itself.

Tien-Tsin Huang

analyst
#22

So this initial burst has gone really, really well. I know the need to track how the hyperscales are performing short term is probably less relevant for you. But when you think about innings or where you are in terms of where you want to be on the hyperscaler side. Where would you -- what would you say to that, Martin?

Martin Schroeter

executive
#23

It depends a lot on the workload itself, right? So if -- in the -- in what I'll call the systems of engagement world, we're kind of middle of game now, right? New systems of engagement. If we run a lot of retailers, so we run their supply chains. And you would imagine in a retailer. It's not just the digital storefront that people need to see, but it's everything that's back end that connects their supply chain and orders and billing and delivery and all that stuff. In that world, those systems of engagement that you see, those have moved to the cloud. That's where the innovation has been for a while. So that's -- we're well down that path. In the systems of record world, same retailer, but the thing that's actually keeping track of who ordered what and where it's going and the mainframe on which all that sits and helps them fill out their ledger and do their books. That is not. That's not anywhere near the -- even the early innings yet because systems of record are having -- it's just a different -- it's a different world, right? So systems of -- systems of engagement, we'll keep going. We'll keep barreling down this path, new content there, innovation there. The systems of record world will likely stay in its current state or it will evolve and they'll find innovation. But that's a longer journey. All of which spells opportunity for us because it makes the infrastructure more complex. And complexity is what our customers struggle with complexity is what we solve.

Tien-Tsin Huang

analyst
#24

Perfect. Good. Thanks for going through that. So let's take questions. If we have any. Happy to take them. Or I can keep going. So let's do a little bit on gross margins. I know we've talked a lot about revenue and building up to the revenue. But the plan of signing business at higher gross margin. I think you're at an inflection point, you're about halfway plus there. Pricing is not so much of an issue for you. So maybe tell us the levers that you've been pulling and the success and why you've gotten to that point on the gross margin and what to look forward ahead?

Martin Schroeter

executive
#25

Yes. So when we spun out 2.5 years ago, I think we were all very confident. I know I was -- the team was very confident that we would get paid for the great work we do. Customers do like what we do, right, very high service levels. And doing very important work. So what we had to prove was that we can create value and get paid for it. And we also wanted to make sure the investors could see the progress, the continued progress. And so we've been showing in our quarterly releases, we've been showing the gross profit dollar -- the first to gross profit profile of what goes in and then the gross profit dollar growth that we've been putting in. And it was important because the fix, if you will, the part of us turning this business around required us to engage with customers and say, look, the spin-out has caused us to be unable to invest in you the way we'd like to. We'd like to reimagine how this works. And we have all these new capabilities that you can now take advantage of. And we have all these great partners that we can help you with. So let's reimagine this. And what that's meant is that -- in certain instances, we've taken content out of those contracts. And we've asked for instance, and at the right time, you can get it to work, we've asked a customer to take their -- they go direct to IBM, for instance, to buy their mainframes and their software stack, we'll take it out of our contract, and we'll just engage. And the reason that's so meaningful to us is because the way IBM spun us out and the commercial relationship they created, we had a pool of accounts that, in total, were like 0 GP, right? And there was a lot of IBM software in those accounts. So -- so we've been showing not only that we get paid for the work by putting good business in, we've also been showing the progress we're making on improving the backlog that we inherited by taking out content. And as we sit -- and all of that -- again, all of that's done on as we engineer a decline in revenue. So for us to deliver consistently 25%, 26% suggests that if the only -- it tells you that -- if the only thing we were working off of was what we put in the backlog. We didn't have any of the inherited content, we'd be making 9% PTI, operating PTI. But we -- again, we're only halfway there for that, right, half and half, and that will keep improving. But it also says that we can deliver that kind of margin profile even on a substantially reduced engineered decline on revenue. So as we bring revenue back to growth and as the old stuff is less and less important or less and less relevant to our P&L, you can imagine the kind of leverage we should be able to drive in this business as we get to revenue growth, our own content and less and less of the old stuff. So I feel good about the work the team has done. David's team leads the pricing function, if you will. David and [ the team ] have done a phenomenal job of consistently in a very disciplined way. Us getting paid for the great work we do. Our quality has remained as high as ever. We've invested in order to help create some of that, but we've got a great margin profile. We have to let it come through the P&L, which is in our business, a backlog-based business, it's a really powerful model. Once you get through that. And you're working with the stuff that you have, but it's a bit diabolical until you get through that, right? So -- But I feel great about our margin profile and what we've been able to put into the backlog, And now we just got to keep working it through. Anything you'd...

David Wyshner

executive
#26

I just emphasize how exciting it is to be signing business with these kinds of margins and knowing that that's going to play out in the future. And in particular, business that we signed, say, in March right at the end of our fiscal year with this kind of attractive margins associated with it. That has no impact in the given year. But as those contracts play out, it's just going to flow through into our P&L in a positive way. And so a lot of the progress we're looking for this year and even in the next year, we've already done a lot of the work in terms of recontracting to make that happen. And to Martin's point, now we see that play out with the passage of time.

Tien-Tsin Huang

analyst
#27

So with the margin progression going forward, should we expect most of the margin to be driven -- or the expansion to be driven on the gross margin side versus SG&A and leverage there? I know you've done some workforce rebalancing, which is great that you're including that in your results, by the way. Just to say that again. But just the SG&A leverage versus gross margin, what's the [ working ] there?

David Wyshner

executive
#28

Yes. Our cost of services are so much larger compared to our SG&A. That's going to be the principal source of margin expansion just mathematically. I do see opportunities for us to bring SG&A down excluding the items that we exclude for adjusted results, it was around 16% last year. And if we can move that down over time, a point or two, that will be great, and we'll contribute to moving to high single-digit pretax margins. But the real driver here is in the gross margin side and the rates at which we're signing new business.

Tien-Tsin Huang

analyst
#29

Okay. And just since we're on -- going down the P&L here and extending it to free cash. Anything to call out [ on the ] Free cash build, David?

David Wyshner

executive
#30

Yes. As our margins are improving, our cash flow profile is improving as well. We've done really well in terms of cash flow conversion over the last couple of years. Fiscal '23, we reoptimized our working capital position, and that was helpful to cash flow. This past year, we had a favorable gap between CapEx and depreciation, that allowed us to generate more free cash flow than we had adjusted pretax income, which is a positive. And now as we go into fiscal '25 and beyond, the principal source of free cash flow for us is going to be earnings significantly higher adjusted pretax earnings, minus what we pay in cash taxes. I'm not expecting big differences or big gaps between CapEx and depreciation. So that's kind of a wash. Working capital over time should sort of be a wash for us. And as a result, this idea of pretax income, minus $150 million, $175-ish million of cash taxes is free cash flow for us, and that's really exciting as we move forward.

Tien-Tsin Huang

analyst
#31

When might you be in a position to return to more traditional capital returns?

David Wyshner

executive
#32

Yes, I think it's as our margins move up, right? The constraint on us so far and right now is really our adjusted pretax margin. right? If we look back over the last 12 months, it's much better, but it's actually at roughly 1%. And that's not a compelling place to be in terms of having a discussion with the rating agencies about capital returns and staying investment grade is very important to us. But as our margins move up, we don't have that much leverage. And so they really see margin progress as being the one key deliverable we really need to have in order to be able to think about capital returns to shareholders. And then longer term, given the nature of this business, given its predictability, the visibility, the steadiness of it and the cash flow that we're going to be generating from pretax income, we really believe this is a sort of business that can and should and will return capital to shareholders regularly.

Tien-Tsin Huang

analyst
#33

Okay. Good. We have time for one more question. Yes. Let's ask one quick one in a couple of minutes left. We have a mic, if you don't mind, since we're webcasting this, Thanks.

Unknown Attendee

attendee
#34

Given the -- you talked about some of the contracts are intertwined with IBM before and you've been working through that and they still have a consulting business. How was it determined what was left behind and what came out with you folks?

Martin Schroeter

executive
#35

Yes. So first, I mean, IBM does a spin, so they -- we don't get to pack our suitcase for the journey. They hand us the suitcase and here we are. But when IBM built its 2 services business -- and take out maintenance, it's a service business. We'll just talk about the 2 services businesses they had again, I was there a number of years ago. They built capabilities around applications and consulting in what they call GBS, and they built capabilities and services around infrastructure in GTS. And there was no -- not -- very logical, you never built the same thing in 2 different places. So they had -- they were very discrete and very separate and very different and complementary, right, within IBM. So what IBM spun out was the infrastructure piece only. They kept the applications. They kept their higher-level consulting business, and that's what they still have today. And there really -- still is -- there was no Venn diagram in IBM that said that they both did the same thing, and there's still really no Venn diagram within even 2 separate firms now because we're solidly in infrastructure, they are in applications and consulting. So it was -- it's a pretty clean discrete starting point, and that's still there today.

Tien-Tsin Huang

analyst
#36

Anyone? Any final questions? I think we're just about out of time.

Martin Schroeter

executive
#37

Out of time. All right.

Tien-Tsin Huang

analyst
#38

We've hit the zero. Well, thank you, time went by so quickly, right? Thank you both for being here.

Martin Schroeter

executive
#39

Thank you.

David Wyshner

executive
#40

Thank you.

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