Micron Technology, Inc. (MU) Earnings Call Transcript & Summary

Great. Good morning, and thank you for attending JPMorgan's 21st Annual Semiconductor Technology and Automotive Forum here at the Consumer Electronics Show. My name is Harlan Sur. I'm the semiconductor and semiconductor capital equipment analyst for the firm. I'm very pleased to have Mark Murphy, Chief Financial Officer; and Sumit Sadana, Executive Vice President and Chief Business Officer at Micron here with us today. I've asked Mark to briefly summarize the company's November quarter results and outlook, which they reported just 2 weeks ago, and then we'll dive into the Q&A. So gentlemen, thank you for joining us today. And Mark, let me go ahead and turn it over to you.

Okay. Thank you, Harlan, and thank you all for joining us today. I'll start with the safe harbor. We will be making forward-looking statements. Those statements have risks and uncertainties associated with them. I refer you to our risk factors, which you can find in our public filings. As Harlan mentioned, we did just recently report on December 21, our November quarter, which was our first fiscal quarter. The quarter was characterized or impacted, I should say, by lower pricing trends through the quarter than we had anticipated. And as a result, we ended up printing results at the lower end of our range. And it reflects the market conditions remain challenging, customers continue to adjust inventory levels, certain end markets are weak and especially consumer. And just the overall macro environment is weighing on the market conditions. We've taken decisive action in a number of ways. We've got additional enterprise-wide cost reductions that are underway, and you heard those details on the call if you had an opportunity to listen to the call. Furthermore, on the supply side, we have reduced utilization, 20% from our peak levels in order to help achieve supply-demand balance in the industry. And also, we've reduced CapEx further. We now have our view on WFE for fiscal year, is down over 50% versus last year. So as difficult as the market conditions are, we do see bits having bottomed in the November quarter. And we see volume strengthening through the year as customer inventories improve, and they've begun to replenish their inventory levels. We would expect customer inventories to be in a better place by the second calendar quarter. The second half revenue, we do expect to be stronger than the first half fiscal revenue. And that would lead to just, again, the strengthening volume -- driven by the strengthening volume. However, given the market conditions, and also some of the cost effects of the underutilization, margins will be challenged in the second half relative to the first half. Micron's navigating these difficult -- in this difficult environment with technology leadership and product leadership and world-class operations and a very strong balance sheet. Over the long term, we're fortunate that we're serving markets that are supported by strong secular growth drivers and expect that growth and a better supply-demand balance in the industry to yield strong profitability and cash flows in the future.

Great. Perfect. I'll kick it off with the first few questions and turn it over to the audience. So what is the team monitoring or seeing from customers that gives the team confidence on supply side that upstream inventories are trending the right way. And then on the demand side, what are your assumptions for end market dynamics that are going to help further drive the inventory normalization and subsequent revenue inflection, right? In other words, what are your expectations for PC, smartphone, data center and embedded market trends in a weaker global macro environment for this year?

I'll take that, Harlan. So in terms of the overall dynamic, of course, all of us can see that the macroeconomic environment is challenging and quite uncertain. And we have taken some prudent reductions in our estimates for forward-looking growth in calendar year '23 due to the macro environment. But I will state that the environment continues to be not easy to predict, as all of you have seen over the course of several quarters. So our approach is that we are very transparent with our assumptions with all of you and you can assess and judge whether our own assumptions for end markets are reasonable compared to your own assessments. But as we look at modeling of 2023 demand and talk to customers, talk to different players in the ecosystem and use many different data points to create our view, our assessment is that the PC units will decline in 2023 calendar year from 2022 in that [ around ] mid-single-digit levels, get it down closer to where the PC units worldwide were in 2019, so pre-COVID. So all of that increase that happened in 2020 and 2021 would have been unbound through that '22 and '23 decline in PC units. Of course, the decline in '22 has been much more significant compared to this assumption in '23. In terms of smartphones, there is obviously a lot of uncertainty there as well, particularly in terms of determining the trajectory of consumer demand. We have modeled flat to slightly up smartphone unit demand and a continuing increase of 5G penetration in terms of units as a percent of the total smartphone volume, but obviously, this requires second half demand in smartphones in the calendar year '23 to be stronger and some benefit coming from the reopening of the economy that we have been expecting in China. So when we originally made this assessment way back internally in November and early December and then communicated to all of you, since then, obviously, certain things have transpired in China that all of you have seen a lot of the rollback of COVID restrictions and the country is going through a tough time right now because of all of that, but our expectation and hope is that the country will come out of it, China will come out of it, just like the rest of the world has over the next few months and second half of the calendar year with government incentives and stimulus, et cetera, should do better. And that is the basis of our smartphone forecast. Now on the data center side, yes, there is definitely continued changes happening under the covers with new server platforms being deployed in 2023, DDR5 being deployed in 2023, but there is also considerable things on the macroeconomic front that our customers are dealing with there. So there has been a reduction in the growth in data center for 2023 due to some of these end market challenges. And I think whereas segments like PCs and smartphones have entered the inventory correction earlier in calendar '22, data center has been relatively late in entering that inventory correction. So in terms of purchased DRAM and NAND bits in 2023 calendar year, there is a pretty significant impact coming in the data center due to a fairly high level of inventory of DRAM and NAND in data center customers entering 2023 calendar year. And that's the part that's weighing on the demand and offsetting some of the underlying demand that otherwise would be there. Now having said that, I will point out that the underlying demand itself is weaker than it has been in the past, and we have been cautious about the trajectory of that demand for some time now, as you have heard from our public comments and some of that concern is coming to fruition with data center demand weakening combined with the higher inventory entering that year. So that's all part of the mix as to why we have felt that yes, the inventory will improve, your first part of the question. We are seeing customer demand and purchases of DRAM and NAND fall further below their consumption levels and their ship out levels. And so we have a feeling that we have a reason to believe that the inventory at customers is on a trend to improve. It's not perhaps improving as fast as we would have liked, mainly because customers have had LTAs. They are under a lot of pressure to minimize the gap to LTAs or reduce some of the gap versus what they had originally planned to take. So -- and then, of course, the pricing is pretty attractive. So they are also using the pricing to perhaps purchase more than they would have otherwise purchased given their inventory levels. So that's stretching out some of the time line of the normalization of inventory at customers. But we do think that by middle of calendar '23, by that [ June-ish ] time frame, we should have an environment where customer inventories are in much better shape than they are now and than they have been in the past few months. And that's our base view.

The team is reacting exactly as we would have expected from a supply discipline cutting utilizations, cutting WFE spend, holding back bit shipments on current output and slowing the pace of technology migration, your industry assumption on supply and overall supply-demand normalization assumes that all of the major memory competitors act in a similar fashion, right? And talking with investors, there are concerns that one of your large competitors may or may not be acting in a disciplined fashion. Obviously, your visibility as to what your competitors are doing is somewhat limited. But you are monitoring aggregate excess inventories at customers across various end markets and the slope of the drawdown should be reflective of what you and your competitors are doing to a certain degree. So based on the metrics that you monitor in real time in your end markets and with your large customers, are you seeing broad supply discipline by competitors? And any differences between the DRAM and NAND segments of the market?

Yes, I would say that definitely, the NAND segment has more challenges in terms of supply-demand imbalance compared to DRAM and part of it is driven by -- there are more suppliers in NAND as well compared to DRAM. And then I think I can't speak to other competitors' plans, but definitely, there is no doubt that part of the reason that we have articulated in our earnings a couple of weeks ago that we expect a challenging 2023 calendar year is because -- even though, as Mark said, we do expect bit growth to happen is because of the supply-demand imbalance that we think needs to be improved. Micron has taken extremely decisive steps. As you have heard from us over the last months to reduce our investment in CapEx to curtail our bit growth, we think our DRAM bit growth is going to be negative on a year-over-year percent growth basis in calendar '23 versus '22. And we think that DRAM bit growth needs to shrink year-on-year in order to improve the industry environment and we continue to watch for signs of what's happening with the industry's supply-demand balance, continue work with our customers. But that's what we think is necessary to accelerate the improvement in the health of the industry. And we have definitely taken decisive action to do our part.

The team has cut wafer starts by 20% versus the beginning of last year. You mentioned your intention to continue to keep utilizations low potentially into fiscal '24. From a financial impact perspective, underutilization charges forecasted to be $460 million in the second half of the fiscal year with more of that weighting towards Q3, more weighting towards Q4. By our estimate, that's like a 4% gross margin impact in Q3, 6%, 7% impact in fiscal Q4. And then I believe you mentioned you still have another $400 million or so of these charges that will be recognized in fiscal '24. So if you do maintain utilizations below your capacity potential beyond fiscal '23, how do we think about utilization charges extending into not just fiscal '24, but calendar year '24?

Yes. So we've not provided any additional comments on the duration of the underutilization period. As we strive to deal with supply and demand imbalance, we'll continuously reassess that. As you said, our current plans addressing this fiscal year, we will have higher cost inventories that more than half of that will pass through the income statement in the third and fourth quarter. So as mentioned, that will weigh on margins, as you said, in the back half. And then less than half of the higher cost inventories related to FY '23 underutilization will pass through the first half of fiscal '24. Now if volumes are stronger than our current forecast, then more of those underutilization cost will be pulled into the back half of fiscal '23. If volumes are less than we think, then more of those costs will be passed through to fiscal '24. If we do -- if the supply-demand balance does not improve, and we have a more prolonged period of underutilization, then, of course, we'll have higher cost inventories, which then will affect FY '24 and potentially as you mentioned, depending on how long that inventory has to clear, and it could -- it will just be a function of how long and then how long it takes that inventory to clear.

Longer term, the team talked about a slowing of technology migration cadence in both DRAM and NAND, given lower assumptions around DRAM and NAND bit demand growth. And so the first question is, if you slow tech migration cadence, doesn't this slow your cost per bit profile and your ability to drive through cycle profitability improvements? And secondly, what are the demand assumptions that caused you to revise a long-term bit demand profiles lower because it doesn't really seem like assumptions pre-COVID-19 have changed all that much in terms of content growth and unit TAM growth in your various end markets?

Yes. So addressing the second part first. Yes, I mean the pre-COVID 2019 time frame, now we are in 2023. So a lot has changed in the world and part of what had transpired over the last few years was a view that the PC volumes are going to sustainably be higher than pre-COVID levels where those volumes ultimately settle remains to be seen. They'll be at some point, some kind of an upgrade cycle for all the PCs that we bought. But typically, those things are stretched out for several years in terms of upgrade cycle. So we'll see when that happens. But certainly, as I mentioned earlier, the PC volumes have come down, and we have lowered our views of PC volumes as well as smartphone volumes in the longer term view because the upgrade cycle in smartphones has continued to stretch every year, for the last few years, the upgrade cycle has continued to elongate. And so have appropriately modeled that in our forward-looking views. And the cloud is substantially bigger than what it was back in 2019 in the pre-COVID days and so we have somewhat moderated longer-term cloud growth rates based on that as well. So those are some of the factors driving the lower long-term growth rate assumptions for both DRAM and NAND bits. With regard to cost reductions, yes, absolutely, when tech transitions move out in terms of longer guidance, cost reductions do become more shallow because of that. But we believe, number one, it's an industry-wide phenomenon. It's not a Micron-specific issue, and there is a strong linkage between cost reductions, time of technology transitions, CapEx investments and pricing and margins, as you know very well. So our view is that if cost reductions industry-wide become shallower, then pricing will consequently also become similarly impacted in the same way. So if cost reductions are shallower, pricing declines will be shallower over time. And that in itself should not cause any changes to the margin expectations of the industry. Really, it's a matter of the supply-demand balance and the supply discipline in the industry at an industry level and that ought to be the primary determinant of longer-term sustained margins.

The team has had a very strong technology leadership position in both DRAM and NAND, right? First to market with 1-beta DRAM, first to market with 200-plus layer NAND. But in response to the supply-demand challenges that we just talked about, you are slowing the ramp of 1-beta. You are slowing the ramp of 232-layer NAND, and it's pushing out some of the future road maps. [indiscernible] would argue that competitors will use this down cycle as an opportunity to close the technology gap with Micron. So how does the team retain its technology leadership given the near-term slowing of tech migrations? Do you start to focus on more product differentiation, system-level differentiation, higher value add or -- what are the things that you're going to do to maintain this technology edge?